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Heterophyids have zoonotic potential, and molecular studies associated with morphological and ecological aspects have helped to clarify their taxonomy and phylogeny. <jats:italic>Poecilia vivipara<\/jats:italic> naturally parasitized by metacercariae of both species (100% prevalence) exhibit no external signs of parasitism. In this work, four new sequences of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>macrostomum<\/jats:italic> (18S <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rDNA<\/jats:styled-content>, 28S <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rDNA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITS<\/jats:styled-content>2 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rDNA<\/jats:styled-content>) and one new sequence of <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>.) <jats:italic>pindoramensis<\/jats:italic> (mt<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA <\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>cox\u20101<\/jats:italic>) are presented. Phylogeny reconstructions linked <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>macrostomum<\/jats:italic> to other heterophyids, but the separation of the Heterophyidae and Opisthorchiidae remains unclear. Additionally, we used indirect immunocytochemistry and the phalloidin\u2010fluorescence techniques allied with confocal laser scanning microscopy to describe muscular and neuronal structures of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>macrostomum<\/jats:italic>. A complex arrangement of muscular fibres is associated with the tegument, suckers, gut and reproductive system. Radial fibres around the ventral sucker are thick, branched and extend to the body wall. High\u2010resolution confocal imaging revealed a typical digenean muscular arrangement and important heterophyid morphological traits. These data will support future control measures to reduce the parasitism in guppies reared in fish farming systems, especially for aquarium and experimental purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,4]],"date-time":"2016-06-04T04:42:39Z","timestamp":1465015359000},"page":"191-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Molecular characterization and confocal laser scanning microscopic study of <i>Pygidiopsis macrostomum<\/i> (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) parasites of guppies <i>Poecilia vivipara<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"J N","family":"Borges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o e Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Sa\u00fade Ambiental (LAPSA) Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V S","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o e Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Sa\u00fade Ambiental (LAPSA) Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa Vi\u00e7osa Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de An\u00e1lises de Biomol\u00e9culas do Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa Vi\u00e7osa Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E G N","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o e Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Sa\u00fade Ambiental (LAPSA) Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C 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