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This study examined 107 aquarium fish from pet shops. Cultivation of the fish samples using different selective media was conducted for identification of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTM<\/jats:styled-content>. Isolates were identified using the GenoType Mycobacterium common mycobacteria and additional species assays, sequencing of the 16S<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rRNA<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>genes, and real\u2010time<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>assay for identification of<jats:italic>Mycobacterium (M.) marinum<\/jats:italic>. Among the investigated fish, 79.4% (85\/107) were positive for mycobacteria, with 8.2% (7 of 85) having two mycobacterial species present. Among the positive fish, the common pathogens<jats:italic>M.\u00a0marinum<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Mycobacterium fortuitum<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>M.\u00a0fortuitum<\/jats:italic>group) and<jats:italic>Mycobacterium chelonae<\/jats:italic>were identified in approx. 90% of fish and other<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTM<\/jats:styled-content>species in 10%, including<jats:italic>Mycobacterium peregrinum\/septicum<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Mycobacterium gordonae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Mycobacterium arupense<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Mycobacterium kansasii<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Mycobacterium ulcerans<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Mycobacterium setense<\/jats:italic>. The well\u2010known human pathogen<jats:italic>M.\u00a0marinum<\/jats:italic>was present in 10.6% of the positive fish (9 of 85). The species of mycobacteria identified in the study are not only recognized as aquarium fish pathogens, but can also cause pathology in humans. Microbiological and clinical communities should therefore be sensitized to the role of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTM<\/jats:styled-content>in infections associated with exposure to aquarium fish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]],"date-time":"2016-10-17T06:59:07Z","timestamp":1476687547000},"page":"773-784","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Mycobacteria in aquarium fish: results of a 3\u2010year survey indicate caution required in handling pet\u2010shop fish"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Ku\u0161ar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Faculty Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U","family":"Zajc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Faculty Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology 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