{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:21:28Z","timestamp":1785417688084,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]],"date-time":"2017-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since 2012, low\u2010to\u2010moderate mortality associated with an <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix<\/jats:italic> sp. bacterium has been reported in ornamental fish. Histological findings have included facial cellulitis, necrotizing dermatitis and myositis, and disseminated coelomitis with abundant intralesional Gram\u2010positive bacterial colonies. Sixteen <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix<\/jats:italic> sp. isolates identified phenotypically as <jats:italic>E.\u00a0rhusiopathiae<\/jats:italic> were recovered from diseased cyprinid and characid fish. Similar clinical and histological changes were also observed in zebrafish, <jats:italic>Danio rerio<\/jats:italic>, challenged by intracoelomic injection. The <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix<\/jats:italic> sp. isolates from ornamental fish were compared phenotypically and genetically to <jats:italic>E.\u00a0rhusiopathiae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E.\u00a0tonsillarum<\/jats:italic> isolates recovered from aquatic and terrestrial animals from multiple facilities. Results demonstrated that isolates from diseased fish were largely clonal and divergent from <jats:italic>E.\u00a0rhusiopathiae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E.\u00a0tonsillarum<\/jats:italic> isolates from normal fish skin, marine mammals and terrestrial animals. All ornamental fish isolates were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> positive for <jats:italic>spaC<\/jats:italic>, with marked genetic divergence (&lt;92% similarity at <jats:italic>gyrB<\/jats:italic>, &lt;60% similarity by rep\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>) between the ornamental fish isolates and other <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix<\/jats:italic> spp. isolates. This study supports previous work citing the genetic variability of <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix<\/jats:italic> spp. <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic> types and suggests isolates from diseased ornamental fish may represent a genetically distinct species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]],"date-time":"2017-07-14T12:38:41Z","timestamp":1500035921000},"page":"49-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Characterization of <i>spaC<\/i>\u2010type <i>Erysipelothrix<\/i> sp. isolates causing systemic disease in ornamental fish"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"E K","family":"Pomaranski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S R","family":"Reichley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University Stoneville MS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Yanong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences School of Forest Resources and Conservation IFAS\/University of Florida Ruskin FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Shelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5D Tropical Inc. Plant City FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D B","family":"Pouder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences School of Forest Resources and Conservation IFAS\/University of Florida Ruskin FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J C","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. Sterling VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K V","family":"Kenelty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Van Bonn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. Watson Armour III Center for Animal Health and Welfare Shedd Aquarium Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Oliaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. Watson Armour III Center for Animal Health and Welfare Shedd Aquarium Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K A","family":"Clothier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis CA USA"},{"name":"California Animal Health &amp; Food Safety Lab System School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University Stoneville MS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6783-1509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A C","family":"Camus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia Athens Athens GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6054-9634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Isolation of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from frozen fish and fish\u2010eating animals at Antwerp Zoo","volume":"82","author":"Bauwens L.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871102300126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870401600209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1407.07058","article-title":"Role of surface protective antigen A in the pathogenesis of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strain C43065","volume":"25","author":"Borrathybay E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.1430120510"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12293"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.840-862.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Methods for antimicrobial and disk susceptibility testing of infrequently isolated or fastidious bacteria; approved guideline","author":"CLSI","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-52-2-531"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420041637.ch16"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2006.02842.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01734359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-2643-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-42-1-166"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.8.2779-2785.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.12.2989-2994.1994","article-title":"Molecular fingerprinting of Legionella species by repetitive element PCR","volume":"32","author":"Georghiou P. 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