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The parasite proliferates in the paracellular space of the intestinal epithelium and induces an inflammatory reaction. To assess intestinal cell turnover and parasite proliferation, fish were infected with the parasite by anal intubation; after 17 and 64\u00a0days, the cell proliferative marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered; and after 24\u00a0hr, tissue samples were taken for immunohistochemical detection. Parasite exposure induced increased epithelial and immune cell proliferation in all intestinal segments at all time points, even before parasite establishment. This increased turnover was triggered early after intubation and mainly at a local level, as shown by an increased <jats:italic>proliferating cell nuclear antigen<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>pcna<\/jats:italic>) gene expression only at the posterior intestine after 17\u00a0days (not found in lymphohaematopoietic organs). Incorporation of BrdU in parasite secondary and tertiary daughter cells indicated that parasite endogeny is not by schizogonial division, which uses de novo synthesis pathway of pyrimidines. Altogether, BrdU immunolabelling and <jats:italic>pcna<\/jats:italic> gene expression showed the rapid proliferative response of the fish intestines upon a myxozoan infection and how this response is effectively triggered even before the parasite reaches or establishes in the site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T08:43:06Z","timestamp":1513672986000},"page":"651-662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Bromodeoxyuridine <scp>DNA<\/scp> labelling reveals host and parasite proliferation in a fish\u2010myxozoan model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"I","family":"Estensoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish Pathology Group Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas Castell\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Cord\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish Pathology Group Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas Castell\u00f3n Spain"},{"name":"Cryptosporidium Reference Unit Public Health Wales Microbiology Singleton Hospital Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7473-3413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A","family":"Sitj\u00e0\u2010Bobadilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish Pathology Group Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas Castell\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M C","family":"Piazzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish Pathology Group Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas Castell\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Mucosal intestinal immunity and response to parasite infections in ectothermic vertebrates immunology and immune system disorders","author":"\u00c1lvarez\u2010Pellitero P.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2007.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1999.4407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"65","volume-title":"The use of veterinary drugs and vaccines in Mediterranean aquaculture","author":"Athanassopoulou F.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507381397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(90)90145-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-13-470"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-013-1631-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23362"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"Diseases and health management. 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