{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:07:47Z","timestamp":1792282067581,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31472296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31472296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31772411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31772411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A suspected new enteric <jats:italic>Sphaerospora<\/jats:italic> species was believed to be directly associated with the mass mortality of yearling groupers of <jats:italic>Epinephelus<\/jats:italic> spp. in South China. The epizootic generally emerged from late September to late April of the following year. The infection prevalence and mortality rate were significantly negatively correlated with fish size. Clinical signs included anorexia, cachexia and extrusion of white pulp\u2010like substance from anus after gentle pressure on the abdomen. Upon necropsy, severe intestinal oedema, thin and transparent intestinal wall, swollen spleen, kidney and gall bladder could be observed. Wet preparation of the infected samples showed large amount of typical disporous plasmodia of the genus <jats:italic>Sphaerospora<\/jats:italic>, but no mature spores were observed. Epidemiological investigation showed that this parasite exclusively infected <jats:italic>Epinephelus<\/jats:italic> groupers. Histopathologically, this species mainly infected the epithelium of intestine and kidney tubules and caused severe epithelia sloughing and the collapse of intestinal villus. Interestingly, this enteric myxosporidiosis did not cause severe emaciation of infected fish for mass mortality usually emerged within 2\u20133\u00a0days after appearance of clinical signs. The species was most genetically related to <jats:italic>Sphaerospora fugu<\/jats:italic> (89% sequence identity) and phylogenetically positioned within marine <jats:italic>Sphaerospora<\/jats:italic> lineage. This is the first report of enteric sphaerosporosis of groupers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T08:49:41Z","timestamp":1513673381000},"page":"663-672","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Outbreak of mass mortality of yearling groupers of <i>Epinephelus<\/i> (Perciformes, Serranidae) associated with the infection of a suspected new enteric <i>Sphaerospora<\/i> (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) species in South China Sea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"X H","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaian Research Center Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control Ministry of Agriculture State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China"},{"name":"The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L W","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province and Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation &amp; Utilization Ministry of Agriculture South Chin Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaian Research Center Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control Ministry of Agriculture State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China"},{"name":"The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y L","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaian Research Center Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control Ministry of Agriculture State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China"},{"name":"The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q Q","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaian Research Center Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control Ministry of Agriculture State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G F","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province and Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation &amp; 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