{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T01:40:10Z","timestamp":1775785210773,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unusual persistent natural mortality occurred in a floating in\u2010pond raceway system intensively stocked with channel and hybrid catfish beginning in early November 2016 up until March 2017. The temperature during the period of outbreak ranged from 7.2 to 23.7\u00b0C. Gross examination of freshly dead and moribund fish revealed pale gills, slight abdominal distension and swollen inflamed vents. Comprehensive necropsy of 20 fish demonstrated vast amounts of bloody ascitic fluid in the coelomic cavity, visceral congestion, splenomegaly and pale friable livers but macroscopically normal kidneys, suggesting systemic bacterial infection. Bacterial cultures were initiated from skin, gills and major internal organs. Following incubation, a mixture of three bacterial colony phenotypes was observed on agar plates. Presumptive biochemical characterization of the isolates followed by 16S\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rRNA<\/jats:styled-content> sequence analysis resulted in the identification of <jats:italic>Aeromonas veronii<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Streptococcus parauberis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Shewanella putrefaciens<\/jats:italic>. Channel catfish juveniles were experimentally infected with the recovered isolates to fulfil Koch's postulates. Moreover, an antibiogram was used to evaluate the susceptibility of the isolates to antimicrobial drugs approved for use in aquaculture. Aquaflor was used successfully for treatment. Here, we report bacterial coinfection lead by <jats:italic>A.\u00a0veronii<\/jats:italic> and the first identification of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0parauberis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S.\u00a0putrefaciens<\/jats:italic> from cultured catfish in North America.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]],"date-time":"2018-06-08T06:19:54Z","timestamp":1528438794000},"page":"1339-1347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Winter kill in intensively stocked channel catfish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus<\/i>): Coinfection with <i>Aeromonas veronii, Streptococcus parauberis<\/i> and <i>Shewanella putrefaciens<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0717-6055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haitham H.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Aquatic Animals Medicine and Management Assiut University Assiut Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0634-7251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Peatman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2006.7.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822012000100046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1983)45[55:RTOCXB]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejar.2017.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1981.tb00868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","article-title":"2011 US catfish database","author":"Hanson T.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fisheries"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8667(1992)004<0109:SIAASO>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.25.5.900-906.1987","article-title":"Aeromonas veronii, a new ornithine decarboxylase\u2010positive species that may cause diarrhea","volume":"25","author":"Hickman\u2010Brenner F.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2003.4.3.213"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Annual fish diagnostic laboratory report for 2000","volume":"4","author":"Khoo L. 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