{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:24:06Z","timestamp":1785417846918,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["303013\/2015-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303013\/2015-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluated the efficacy of albendazole, ivermectin, levamisole, mebendazole and praziquantel on monogeneans of <jats:italic>Colossoma macropomum<\/jats:italic>, based on in vitro and in vivo assays. In vitro assays indicated that albendazole (500, 100, 1,500 and 2,000\u00a0mg\/L), ivermectin (200, 250, 300 and 350\u00a0mg\/L) and levamisole (50, 75, 100 and 125\u00a0mg\/L) were 100% effective against <jats:italic>Anacanthorus spatulatus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Notozothecium janauachensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Mymarothecium boegeri<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Linguadactyloides brinkmanni<\/jats:italic>, while mebendazole (125, 150, 175 and 200\u00a0mg\/L) and praziquantel (5, 10, 15 and 20\u00a0mg\/L) were ineffective. Fish mortality in 24\u00a0hr therapeutic baths with 500\u00a0mg\/L of albendazole was 6.6%, but the behaviour of the animals remained unchanged, while 200\u00a0mg\/L of ivermectin caused lethargy, signs of hypoxia and 100% mortality within 2\u00a0hr, and 125\u00a0mg\/L of levamisole caused no mortality. The efficacy of 500\u00a0mg\/L of albendazole was 48.6% in the 24\u00a0hr baths, while that of 125\u00a0mg\/L levamisole was 88.2%. Although ivermectin showed in vitro efficacy, the lowest concentration used in baths was highly toxic to fish. Therefore, we recommend the use of 125\u00a0mg\/L of levamisole to control and treat monogenean infestations on <jats:italic>C.\u00a0macropomum<\/jats:italic> in fish farming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]],"date-time":"2019-01-19T19:11:53Z","timestamp":1547925113000},"page":"405-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Albendazole, levamisole and ivermectin are effective against monogeneans of <i>Colossoma macropomum<\/i> (Pisces: Serrasalmidae)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Carliane Maria Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences (PPGCA) Federal University of Amap\u00e1 (UNIFAP) Macap\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joziele Neves","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the State of Amap\u00e1 (UEAP) Macap\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac Belo","family":"Barriga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the State of Amap\u00e1 (UEAP) Macap\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joilson Rodrigues","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Macap\u00e1 (FAMA) Macap\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gracienhe Gomes","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Macap\u00e1 (FAMA) Macap\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8376-1846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Tavares\u2010Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences (PPGCA) Federal University of Amap\u00e1 (UNIFAP) Macap\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Embrapa Amap\u00e1 Macap\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2017.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/zeb.2014.1021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"M\u00e9todos de estudo e t\u00e9cnicas laboratoriais em parasitologia de peixes","author":"Eiras J. 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