{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T19:42:43Z","timestamp":1774986163130,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000202","name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2018, <jats:italic>Vagococcus salmoninarum<\/jats:italic> was isolated from two lots of broodstock \u201ccoaster\u201d brook trout (<jats:italic>Salvelinus fontinalis<\/jats:italic>) containing ~1,500 fish at the Iron River National Fish Hatchery, at which time it was identified as the causative agent of a chronic coldwater streptococcosis epizootic. Clinical signs included exophthalmia, lethargy, erratic swimming and loss of equilibrium. Female fish experienced disproportionately higher morbidity and mortality than male co\u2010inhabitants, and routinely retained eggs following spawning. The most consistent gross clinical sign was heart pallor and turbid pericardial effusion. An attempted treatment using florfenicol was ineffective at halting the epizootic, which spanned more than a year and resulted in &gt;50% mortality before remaining fish were culled. As there is no previous documentation of <jats:italic>V. salmoninarum<\/jats:italic> at this hatchery or in this species, it is still unclear what circumstances led to this epizootic. The inability to treat this chronic disease led to the loss of valuable broodstock, hampering ongoing fishery conservation efforts in the Great Lakes Basin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T06:25:49Z","timestamp":1581056749000},"page":"305-316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["<i>Vagococcus <\/i><i>salmoninarum<\/i> I\u2014A chronic coldwater streptococcosis in broodstock brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis<\/i>) in Wisconsin, USA"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2846-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac","family":"Standish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service La Crosse Fish Health Center Onalaska Wisconsin 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Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1292-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Knupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebekah","family":"McCann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service La Crosse Fish Health Center Onalaska Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corey","family":"Puzach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service La Crosse Fish Health Center Onalaska Wisconsin 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