{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:06:00Z","timestamp":1791083160316,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011055","name":"Milj\u00f8- og F\u00f8devareministeriet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["34009\u201018\u20101381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["34009\u201018\u20101381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gill parasitic infections challenge farming of rainbow trout (<jats:italic>Oncorhynchus mykiss,<\/jats:italic>Walbaum) in freshwater facilities. Apart from flagellates (<jats:italic>Ichthyobodo,<\/jats:italic>(Pinto) and ciliates (<jats:italic>Ichthyophthirius<\/jats:italic>(Fouquet)<jats:italic>, Ambiphrya<\/jats:italic>(Raabe),<jats:italic>Apiosoma<\/jats:italic>(Blanchard),<jats:italic>Trichodinella<\/jats:italic>(Sramek\u2010Husek) and<jats:italic>Trichodina<\/jats:italic>(Ehrenberg)), we have shown that amoebae are prevalent in Danish trout farms. Gills were isolated from farmed rainbow trout in six fish farms (conventional and organic earth pond and recirculated systems) and placed on non\u2010nutrient agar (NNA) moistened with modified Neff's amoeba saline (AS) (15\u00b0C). Gill amoebae from all examined fish colonized the agar and were identified based on morphological criteria showing species within the genera<jats:italic>Trinema<\/jats:italic>(Dujardin) (family Trinematidae),<jats:italic>Vannella<\/jats:italic>(Bovee) (family Vannellidae). In addition, hartmannellid amoebae were recorded. We established a monoculture of<jats:italic>Vannella<\/jats:italic>sp., confirmed the genus identity by PCR and sequencing and performed an in vitro determination of antiparasitic effects (dose\u2013response studies) of various compounds including sodium chloride (NaCl), hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, formalin, aqueous garlic and oregano extracts and a<jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>H6 surfactant. All amoebae were killed in concentrations of 16.90\u00a0mg\/ml (garlic), 17.90\u00a0mg\/ml (oregano), NaCl (7.5\u00a0mg\/ml), hydrogen peroxide (100\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml), peracetic acid (0.03\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml), formaldehyde (25\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml) and the<jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>H6 surfactant (250\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T08:59:04Z","timestamp":1586941144000},"page":"665-672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Gill amoebae from freshwater rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss<\/i>): In vitro evaluation of antiparasitic compounds against<i>Vannella<\/i>sp."],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Hannah Malene","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma Mohammad","family":"Karami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0558-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Mathiessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8039-1886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azmi","family":"Al\u2010Jubury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6000-165X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per Walter","family":"Kania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Buchmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12810"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"The effect of peracetic acid products on parasites causing white spot diseases","volume":"33","author":"Bruzio M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fish Farmer"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao028125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2003.00519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8454(2003)065<0021:EOSPAG>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8454(2003)065<0025:EOSPAF>2.0.CO;2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Amoebic gill infections of rainbow trout in freshwater ponds","volume":"24","author":"Buchmann K.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"The use of crude extracts from traditional medicinal plants to eliminate Trichodina sp. in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. 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