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A direct effect of <jats:italic>S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic> secretory products on tilapia cells was tested on the tilapia kidney (TK\u20101) cell culture. The bacteria were cultured under four different temperature levels: 22, 29, 32 and 37\u00b0C; the cell\u2010free portion was processed through SDS\u2010PAGE; and distinct bands were identified by LC\u2010MS\/MS. At least, three virulence factors were identified, Bsp, PcsB and CAMP factor, with increasing levels as the cultured temperature rose. Expressions of <jats:italic>bsp<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>pcsB<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>cfb<\/jats:italic> were also up\u2010regulated with the rising of the temperature in <jats:italic>S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic> culture. The supernatant from the bacteria cultured under specified temperatures was added into TK\u20101 cell\u2010cultured wells. Morphological damage and mortality of the cultured cells, as determined by MTT method, were increased progressively from the supernatant treatment according to the rise of temperature in <jats:italic>S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic> culture. This study suggests that the production of the three virulence factors of <jats:italic>S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic> reported herein is temperature\u2010dependent, and it is likely that CAMP factor directly kills the TK\u20101 cells since the other two types of protein are involved in <jats:italic>S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic> cell division and the bacterial adherence to host tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T08:55:51Z","timestamp":1597049751000},"page":"1229-1236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cytotoxicity of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/i> secretory protein on tilapia cultured cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Iyapa","family":"Palang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp) Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2355-3121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikuo","family":"Hirono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genome Science Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5599-4343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saengchan","family":"Senapin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp) Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathumthani Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanna","family":"Sirimanapong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Aquatic Animal Research Health Care Unit Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boonsirm","family":"Withyachumnarnkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology Prince of Songkla University Surat Thani Thailand"},{"name":"AquaAcademy Farm Surat Thani Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8712-7578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rapeepun","family":"Vanichviriyakit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp) Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/are.12180"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Streptococcosis in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A Review","volume":"34","author":"Amal M. 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