{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:21:55Z","timestamp":1788996115550,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"British Council Newton Fund: DOST-Newton PhD Scholarships","award":["279508540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["279508540"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Streptococcosis cause severe losses for global tilapia farming, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize streptococci recovered from Nile tilapia farmed in the Philippines. Moribund and apparently healthy fish were sampled from grow\u2010out cages, ponds and hatcheries. Clinical signs observed included exophthalmia, eye opacity, ascites, lethargy, erratic swimming and haemorrhages. Results showed that both <jats:italic>Streptococcus iniae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic> were associated with disease in these sites. Consistent with global reports, including those from South\u2010East Asia, <jats:italic>S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic> was more widespread than <jats:italic>S. iniae<\/jats:italic>. Molecular serotyping of the <jats:italic>S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic> isolates identified the serotype Ia and serotype Ib. Histopathological findings were meningitis, meningoencephalitis and septicaemia. Identical virulence profiles were found for all strains of <jats:italic>S. iniae<\/jats:italic>, while <jats:italic>S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic> strains were separated into virulence profile I and profile II. All strains were susceptible to the tested antibiotics and resistant to oxolinic acid. Only S<jats:italic>. agalactiae<\/jats:italic> serotype Ib showed resistance to sulphamethoxazole\u2013trimethoprim. This is the first study from the Philippines to characterize the streptococci involved in disease outbreaks in tilapia aquaculture. Outputs from this study will promote the development of efficacious disease control strategies in tilapia farming for the Philippines and South\u2010East Asia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T07:50:39Z","timestamp":1600242639000},"page":"1431-1442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Isolation and molecular characterization of streptococcal species recovered from clinical infections in farmed Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus<\/i>) in the Philippines"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2067-5115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis S.","family":"Legario","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK"},{"name":"Natural Sciences Department Iloilo Science and Technology University Iloilo City Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Casiano H.","family":"Choresca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Fisheries Research and Development Institute\u2010Fisheries Biotechnology Centre Science City of Munoz Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy F.","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Crumlish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.03.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Streptococcosis in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A review","volume":"34","author":"Amal M. 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