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We conducted histopathological analysis of 411 adult individuals from three <jats:italic>Nothobranchius<\/jats:italic> species to study details on spontaneous age\u2010related neoplastic lesions. Light microscopy based on H&amp;E and toluidine blue\u2010stained sections revealed (a) non\u2010proliferative liver changes with pronounced vacuolation of hepatocytes; (b) proliferation of kidney haemopoietic tissue contributing to excretory system damage; (c) proliferation of splenic mononuclear haemoblasts accompanied by reduced erythropoiesis; (d) proliferation of mononuclear cell aggregates in the liver parenchyma; and (e) rare occurrence of hepatocellular adenomas. Ziehl\u2013Neelsen (ZN) staining revealed that the proliferative lesions are a host defence response to mycobacterial infections manifested by activation of the mononuclear phagocytic system and atypical granulomatous inflammatory reaction. 16S rRNA analysis identified three species of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic> in our samples. Our findings turn attention to lesions which mimic neoplasms by their gross appearance and question the light microscopic interpretation of lesions unless differential ZN staining is included. Beyond the limitations of our morphological approach, the intensity of mycobacterial infections is a challenging opportunity for research into the molecular\u2010genetic background of the mononuclear phagocytic system reaction in <jats:italic>Nothobranchius<\/jats:italic> killifish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T17:37:05Z","timestamp":1618249025000},"page":"1179-1190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Histopathology of laboratory\u2010reared <i>Nothobranchius<\/i> fishes: Mycobacterial infections versus neoplastic lesions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9254-5582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iva","family":"Dykov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"\u017d\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Vertebrate Biology Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Charles University Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Reichard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Vertebrate Biology Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Sou\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ond\u0159ej","family":"Slab\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vojt\u011bch","family":"Bystr\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radim","family":"Bla\u017eek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Vertebrate Biology Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-469230-5.50011-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-014-9535-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","article-title":"Integrating taxonomic, functional, and strain\u2010level profiling of diverse microbial communities with bioBakery 3","author":"Beghini F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.13127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339702500210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2020.0489"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2008.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2010-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12743"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.1999.1305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2015.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/zeb.2018.1689"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(83)90048-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2010.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao019147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"6496","article-title":"A retrovirus in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with plasmacytoid leukemia and evidence for the etiology of the disease","volume":"52","author":"Eaton W. 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