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Five primary genotypes are known: infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), threespine stickleback iridovirus (TSIV) and scale drop disease virus (SDDV). ISKNV\u2010mediated infectious spleen and kidney necrosis disease (ISKND) is a major viral disease in both freshwater and marine fish species. In this study, we report the isolation of ISKNV from diseased giant gourami, <jats:italic>Osphronemus goramy,<\/jats:italic> in India. Transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections of kidney and spleen revealed the presence of numerous polygonal naked viral particles having an outer nucleocapsid layer within the cytoplasm of enlarged cells (115\u2013125\u00a0nm). Molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of ISKNV and the major capsid protein (MCP) (1,362\u00a0bp) gene in the infected fish had a high similarity to the other ISKNV\u2010I isolates. Moreover, ISKNV was propagated in the <jats:italic>Astronotus ocellatus<\/jats:italic> fin (AOF) cell line and further confirmed genotypically. A high mortality rate (60%) was observed in gourami fish injected with ISKNV\u2010positive tissue homogenate through challenge studies. Considering the lethal nature of ISKNV, the present study spotlights the implementation of stringent biosecurity practices for the proper control of the disease in the country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T16:32:51Z","timestamp":1630081971000},"page":"2043-2053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus\u2010associated large\u2010scale mortality in farmed giant gourami, <i>Osphronemus goramy,<\/i> in India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6805-5348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thangaraj Raja","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre ICAR\u2010National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources CMFRI Campus Kochi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nithianantham Sundar","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre ICAR\u2010National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources CMFRI Campus Kochi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasannan Geetha","family":"Preena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre ICAR\u2010National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources CMFRI Campus Kochi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pravata Kumar","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010 National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2046-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neeraj","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010 National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul Girish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre ICAR\u2010National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources CMFRI Campus Kochi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Sudhagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre ICAR\u2010National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources CMFRI Campus Kochi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naresh Kumar","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Ludhiana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao063113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Cowan and Steel\u2019s Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria","author":"Barrow G. 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