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However, consumption of raw or undercooked fish can lead to nematode infection called anisakidosis in humans. We observed the presence of nematode infection in hillstream loaches of families Cobitidae and Nemacheilidae available for human consumption in the local markets in the northern parts of Western Ghats, India. Scanning electron micrograph and genetic identification employing mitochondrial <jats:italic>cytochrome oxidase subunit II<\/jats:italic>, identified the nematode to the genus <jats:italic>Contracaecum<\/jats:italic>. Histology of infected host revealed the presence of the parasite in muscles. Antioxidant enzyme analysis of host liver suggested that infection leads to oxidative stress in the fish. We suspect that a gradual increase in parasite infection of the loaches in the last decade could be attributed to various anthropogenic stressors that are altering riverine habitats. Since loaches are consumed by tribal people who often prepare the fish without degutting and possibly undercooked, there is a potential threat of human infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]],"date-time":"2022-09-04T19:24:47Z","timestamp":1662319487000},"page":"1873-1882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Contracaecum<\/i> nematode parasites in hillstream loaches of the Western Ghats, India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Chandani R.","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Prague  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Kumkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Prague  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tushar","family":"Khare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science Savitribai Phule Pune University  Pune India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Pise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Prague  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luk\u00e1\u0161","family":"Kalous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Prague  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7162-9023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neelesh","family":"Dahanukar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar University  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"S70","article-title":"Water pollution analysis of Mutha river across Pune city using BOD as primary parameter","volume":"39","author":"Abhyankar P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pollution Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003\u20102697(75)90347\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076\u20106879(84)05016\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20102836(05)80360\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/zoo\u20100912\u201016"},{"volume-title":"Theory and practice in histological techniques","year":"2008","author":"Bancroft J. 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