{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T15:53:34Z","timestamp":1783612414253,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2108085MC115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2108085MC115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Nocardia seriolae<\/jats:italic> is a major causative agent of fish nocardiosis that results in serious economic losses in the aquaculture industry. However, the virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms of the bacterium are poorly understood. Here, a new <jats:italic>N. seriolae<\/jats:italic> strain AHLQ20\u201001 was isolated from the diseased <jats:italic>Micropterus salmoides<\/jats:italic> and identified by phenotypic examination combined with 16S rRNA sequencing. Subsequently, the potential virulence factors of the strain were analysed at genome level by whole\u2010genome sequencing. The results showed that the whole\u2010genome sequence derived from <jats:italic>N. seriolae<\/jats:italic> AHLQ20\u201001 circular chromosome contains 8,129,380\u2009bp DNA with G\u2009+\u2009C content of 68.14%, and encompasses 7650 protein\u2010coding genes, 114 pseudo\u2010genes, 3 rRNAs, 66 tRNAs and 36 non\u2010coding RNAs. More importantly, a total of 139 genes, which mainly involved in adhesion, invasion, resistance to oxidative and nitrosative stress, phagosome arresting, iron acquisition system, toxin production and bacterial secretion systems, were identified as core virulence\u2010associated genes. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of <jats:italic>N. seriolae<\/jats:italic> AHLQ20\u201001 to <jats:italic>M. salmoides<\/jats:italic> was further investigated through experimental infection. It was found that the LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value of the strain to <jats:italic>M. salmoides<\/jats:italic> was 9.3\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u00a0colony forming unit\/fish. Histopathological examination demonstrated typical granuloma with varying sizes in the liver, head kidney, spleen and heart of the experimentally infected fish. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling assay and 4\u2032,6\u2010diamidino\u20102\u2010phenylindole staining showed that there were distinctly more apoptotic cells in all the tested tissues in the infection group, but not in the control group. Together, these findings provide the foundation to further explore the pathogenic mechanism of <jats:italic>N. seriolae<\/jats:italic>, which might contribute to the prevention and treatment of fish nocardiosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T09:06:50Z","timestamp":1672304810000},"page":"333-345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Potential virulence factors of <i>Nocardia seriolae<\/i> AHLQ20\u201001 based on whole\u2010genome analysis and its pathogenicity to largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Shoulin","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Province Key Lab of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology Anhui Agricultural University  Hefei P.R. 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuelan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Province Key Lab of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology Anhui Agricultural University  Hefei P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00698\u201013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20102836(05)80360\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.917591"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11110657"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.7.2.213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.05017\u201011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928\u20108244(99)00091\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169\u2010409X(99)00067\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551\u2010018\u20100448\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713\u201045\u20102\u2010240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742\u20104658.2007.06213.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12892"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.22329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102958.2004.04368.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2019.110699"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11091316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00329\u201016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.VMBF\u20100012\u20102015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1491"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8020151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102105\u201011\u2010119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00082\u201015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01606\u201015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562\u2010011\u20100450\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.10.4876\u20104883.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2010.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.3.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.054759\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284\u2010021\u201002490\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12881"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03517"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","volume-title":"A handbook of shrimp pathology and diagnostic procedures for diseases of cultured Penaeid shrimp","author":"Lightner D. 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