{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:07:54Z","timestamp":1777590474828,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011078","name":"Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A Multi\u2010Locus Variable number of tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA) genotyping scheme was developed for the epidemiological study of <jats:italic>Moritella viscosa<\/jats:italic>, which causes \u2018winter ulcer\u2019 predominantly in sea\u2010reared Atlantic salmon (<jats:italic>Salmo salar<\/jats:italic> L.). The assay involves multiplex PCR amplification of six Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) loci, followed by capillary electrophoresis and data interpretation. A collection of 747 spatiotemporally diverse <jats:italic>M. viscosa<\/jats:italic> isolates from nine fish species was analysed, the majority from farmed Norwegian salmon. MLVA distributed 76% of the isolates across three major clonal complexes (CC1, CC2 and CC3), with the remaining forming minor clusters and singletons. While 90% of the salmon isolates belong to either CC1, CC2 or CC3, only 20% of the isolates recovered from other fish species do so, indicating a considerable degree of host specificity. We further highlight a series of \u2018clonal shifts\u2019 amongst Norwegian salmon isolates over the 35\u2010year sampling period, with CC1 showing exclusive predominance prior to the emergence of CC2, which was later supplanted by CC3, before the recent re\u2010emergence of CC1. Apparently, these shifts have rapidly swept the entire Norwegian coastline and conceivably, as suggested by typing of a small number of non\u2010Norwegian isolates, the Northeast Atlantic region as a whole.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T18:00:44Z","timestamp":1676397644000},"page":"535-543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["MLVA genotyping of <i>Moritella viscosa<\/i> reveals serial emergence of novel, host\u2010specific clonal complexes in Norwegian salmon farming"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"S\u00f8rgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute  \u00c5s Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5333-6518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karoline","family":"Sveinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute  \u00c5s Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4107-0497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonal","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute  \u00c5s Norway"},{"name":"Vaxxinova Norway AS  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9399-7249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanne K.","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute  \u00c5s Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9440-5874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Berit","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute  \u00c5s Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Vaagnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaxxinova Norway AS  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Blue Analytics AS  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2737-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duncan J.","family":"Colquhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute  \u00c5s Norway"},{"name":"University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7135-9227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Snorre","family":"Gulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute  \u00c5s Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102761.1998.00065.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713\u201050\u20102\u2010479"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao034161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao01972"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02271"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00730\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Bacterial vaccines for fish \u2013 an update of the current situation worldwide","volume":"121","author":"H\u00e5stein T.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Developments in Biologicals"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102672.2007.03639.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2014.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864\u2010017\u20103693\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.04677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao053115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102180\u20106\u201033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao023039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713\u201050\u20102\u2010427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES2013.18.35.20565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02136\u201006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/163688a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"Sommerset I.(Ed.). (2022).The Health Situation in Norwegian Aquaculture 2021.Norwegian Veterinary Institute report series. ISSN 1893\u20131480."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059\u2010014\u20100524\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Aquaculture Canada 2000","author":"Whitman K. A.","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfd.13766","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jfd.13766","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfd.13766","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T17:38:18Z","timestamp":1692293898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jfd.13766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jfd.13766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfd.13766","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7775","1365-2761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7775","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}