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The subsequent investigation noticed a disease outbreak occurred at five nearby tilapia farms with floating cages, in which the clinical signs of both edwardsiellosis and columnaris diseases were observed on the same infected fish and caused 65% to 85% fish mortality. Naturally diseased fish (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009109) were sampled from the five infected farms for bacterial identification and conducting challenge tests. The two bacteria <jats:italic>Edwardsiella ictaluri<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Flavobacterium oreochromis<\/jats:italic> were identified by a combination of biochemical tests, PCR and 16SrRNA sequencing methods. Experimental challenge tests on Nile tilapia resulted in the median lethal dose (LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) of <jats:italic>E.\u2009ictaluri<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>F.\u2009oreochromis<\/jats:italic> at 70\u2009CFU\/fish by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and 3.6\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u2009CFU\/mL by immersion, respectively. The experimentally co\u2010infected challenged fish exposed to LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> doses resulted in 83%\u2009\u00b1\u20096% mortality, with the infected fish exhibiting clinical signs of both edwardsiellosis and columnaris diseases, mimicking the naturally diseased fish. This finding suggests that the co\u2010infection of <jats:italic>E.\u2009ictaluri<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>F.\u2009oreochromis<\/jats:italic> may interact in a synergistic manner, to enhance the overall severity of the infection and elevates the need for efficient methods to control both pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T17:54:14Z","timestamp":1688666054000},"page":"1125-1136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Synergistic infection of <i>Edwardsiella ictaluri<\/i> and <i>Flavobacterium oreochromis<\/i> in cage cultured tilapia (<i>Oreochromis<\/i> sp.)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Doan Thi","family":"Nhinh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries Vietnam National University of Agriculture  Hanoi Vietnam"},{"name":"Research Institute for Aquaculture No 1  Bac Ninh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dang Thi","family":"Hoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries Vietnam National University of Agriculture  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Huong","family":"Giang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Vietnam National University of Agriculture  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Van\u00a0Van","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries Vietnam National University of Agriculture  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lua Thi","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Aquaculture No 1  Bac Ninh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mags","family":"Crumlish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling  Stirling UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha Thanh","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources &amp; 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