{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:29:01Z","timestamp":1790033341367,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\u201070007\u201030417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\u201070007\u201030417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD), caused by <jats:italic>Flavobacterium psychrophilum<\/jats:italic>, results in significant losses among multiple salmonid (family Salmonidae) species. Molecular epidemiology and serotyping studies have suggested that some variants are host specific; however, these associations have not been evaluated by cross\u2010challenging fish species with putatively host\u2010associated <jats:italic>F. psychrophilum<\/jats:italic> isolates via more natural (i.e. immersion) exposure routes. To this end, <jats:italic>F. psychrophilum<\/jats:italic> isolates US19\u2010COS, US62\u2010ATS and US87\u2010RBT, each originally recovered from diseased coho salmon (<jats:italic>Oncorhynchus kisutch<\/jats:italic>), Atlantic salmon (<jats:italic>Salmo salar<\/jats:italic>) or rainbow trout (<jats:italic>O. mykiss<\/jats:italic>), and belonging to a host\u2010associated multilocus sequence typing clonal complex (e.g. CC\u2010ST9, CC\u2010ST232 or CC\u2010ST10), were PCR\u2010serotyped, evaluated for proteolytic activity, and used to challenge adipose fin\u2010clipped 4\u2010month old Atlantic salmon, coho salmon and rainbow trout via immersion. Findings showed US87\u2010RBT caused disease and mortality only in rainbow trout (e.g. 56.7% survival probability). US19\u2010COS and US62\u2010ATS caused more mortality in coho salmon and Atlantic salmon but also caused disease in both other host species, albeit to a lesser extent. Observed survival differences may be due to variant antigenic\/virulence determinants as differences in serotype and proteolytic activity were discovered. Collectively, results highlight the intricacies of <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>psychrophilum<\/jats:italic>\u2010host interactions and provide further in\u00a0vivo evidence that some <jats:italic>F. psychrophilum<\/jats:italic> MLST variants are host specific, which may have implications for the development of BCWD prevention and control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T03:37:08Z","timestamp":1700192228000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Immersion challenge of three salmonid species (family Salmonidae) with three multilocus sequence typing variants of <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum<\/i> provides evidence of differential host specificity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1292-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Knupp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Loch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13199"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00799-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874401X01104010040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01398-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.8.3703-3713.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.2000.00242.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Epidermal mucus, a major determinant in fish health: A review","volume":"19","author":"Dash S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.2003.00487.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(02)00109-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Virulence of Chilean field isolates of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr","volume":"36","author":"Fredriksen B. 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