{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T16:44:04Z","timestamp":1784997844033,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Detection of intestinal parasites in fish typically requires autopsy, resulting in the sacrifice of the fish. Here, we describe a non\u2010lethal method for detecting the tapeworm <jats:italic>Eubothrium crassum<\/jats:italic> in fish using anal swabs and real\u2010time PCR detection. Two assays were developed to detect cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA and 18S ribosomal DNA sequences of <jats:italic>E. crassum<\/jats:italic>, respectively. The assays were tested on swab samples from confirmed pathogen free Atlantic salmon (<jats:italic>Salmo salar<\/jats:italic> L.) and on samples from farmed Atlantic salmon, where the presence and intensity of parasites had been established through autopsy. The COI assay was shown to be specific to <jats:italic>E. crassum<\/jats:italic>, while the 18S assay also amplified the closely related <jats:italic>E. salvelini<\/jats:italic>, a species infecting Arctic charr (<jats:italic>Salvelinus alpinus<\/jats:italic> L.) in freshwater. The COI assay detected <jats:italic>E. crassum<\/jats:italic> in all field samples regardless of parasite load while the 18S assay failed to detect the parasite in two samples. The results thus demonstrates that this non\u2010lethal approach can effectively detect <jats:italic>E. crassum<\/jats:italic> and can be a valuable tool in assessing the prevalence of infection in farmed salmon, aiding in treatment decisions and evaluating treatment effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T13:15:29Z","timestamp":1705583729000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Non\u2010lethal detection of <i>Eubothrium crassum<\/i> (Cestoda) in farmed Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar<\/i>, using anal swabs and real\u2010time <scp>PCR<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1400-9615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haakon","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute  \u00c5s Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn","family":"Spilsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute  \u00c5s Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigmund","family":"Sevatdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veso  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trine","family":"Sakariassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Karl\u2010Franzens University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima Nasrin","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute  \u00c5s Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egil","family":"Karlsbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044\u20108486(91)90315\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tafs.10177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2017.00061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499\u2010016\u20100093\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Hansen H. Karlsbakk E. Hahn C. Qviller L. Spilsberg B. Sakariassen T. Ruud K. &Sevatdal S.(2022).Infeksjoner med bendelormen Eubothrium sp. i oppdrettsanlegg i Norge: resistens utbredelse og p\u00e5virkning p\u00e5 fiskehelsen[Infections with the tapewormEubothriumsp. in salmonid mariculture in Norway: resistance ocurrence and effects on the host] (Norwegian Veterinary Institute Report Series Issue No. 23). ISSN 1890\u20103290. (In Norwegian with English summary)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000065872"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102664.2007.01429.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755\u20100998.12586"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755\u20100998.2011.03001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756\u20103305\u20107\u2010246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Sakariassen T.(2019).Infestasjon med bendelorm (Eubothrium sp.) i oppdrettslaks (Salmo salar L.) i sj\u00f8[Infestation with tapeworms (Eubothriumsp.) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) in the sea]. [Master's thesis University of Troms\u00f8] (In Norwegian)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102761.2001.00276.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/JOH2003188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Sommerset I. Bang Jensen B. Born\u00f8 G. Haukaas A. &Brun E.(2021).The health situation in Norwegian aquaculture 2020(Norwegian Veterinary Institute Report Series No. 41b) pp. 118\u2013119."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102105\u201013\u2010134"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfd.13918","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T05:29:01Z","timestamp":1737523741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jfd.13918"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jfd.13918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfd.13918","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7775","1365-2761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7775","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13918"}}