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In the antimicrobial in\u00a0vitro test, the inhibition zone method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were performed. In order to determine the time and efficacy of monogenean parasite mortality, the parasites were exposed to CuNP concentrations of 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and a control group with tank water and one with copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    .\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O) at a concentration of 0.3\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , performed in triplicate. The parasites were observed every 10\u2009min for 300\u2009min, and mortality was recorded. For the cestodes, parasites were immersed in CuNP concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 300\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . At the end of the in\u00a0vitro tests, the anthelmintic efficacy of each treatment was calculated. To assess the tolerance and toxicity in fish, they were exposed to CuNP concentrations of 0.6, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 50\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for 12\u2009h. The MIC demonstrated that CuNPs effectively inhibited the growth of\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    up to a dilution of 12,500\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and showed an inhibition zone of 14.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6\u2009mm for CuNPs. The results of anthelmintic activity showed a dose\u2010dependent effect of concentration for both groups of parasites, with the most effective concentration being 300\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    in 120\u2009min. In the toxicity test, the carps showed tolerance to lower concentrations. The study indicated that CuNPs were effective against the studied pathogens. However, it proved to be toxic to fish at high concentrations. The use of low concentrations is recommended still requires further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.14003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T01:44:52Z","timestamp":1722303892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antimicrobial and anthelmintic effects of copper nanoparticles against Koi carp parasites and their toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0363-2620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gracienhe Gomes","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AQUOS\u2010Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department UFSC  Florian\u00f3polis SC Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liseth Vanessa Perengue","family":"Riofrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AQUOS\u2010Aquatic 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