{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:05:38Z","timestamp":1790823938071,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and nervous necrosis virus (NNV) are two common and important causative agents in marine\u2010cultured fish. However, high viral loads of both ISKNV and NNV in the same clinical case is unusual. In this study, a mass mortality event of Asian seabass <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Lates calcarifer<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> juveniles occurred in Zhuhai, the main Asian seabass cultured area in mainland China. The fish samples were pooled for pathogen identification and both high viral loads of ISKNV and NNV were detected by real\u2010time microfluidic quantitative PCR and conventional PCR. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that strong ISKNV signals were detected in spleen and liver, while strong NNV signals were detected in brain and eye. The tissue homogenates were inoculated into MFF\u20101 cell and SSN\u20101 cell, respectively. After several viral passages, both individual ISKNV and NNV were purely isolated from each other, and designated as ASB\u2010ISKNV\u201023 and ASB\u2010NNV\u201023, respectively. The whole genome sequences of ASB\u2010ISKNV\u201023 and ASB\u2010NNV\u201023 were determined and annotated. The result showed that ASB\u2010ISKNV\u201023 and ASB\u2010NNV\u201023 are composed of 112,236\u2009bp and 4441\u2009bp, respectively. Phylogeny analysis showed that ASB\u2010ISKNV\u201023 belongs to ISKNV\u2010II sub\u2010genotype and ASB\u2010NNV\u201023 belongs to RGNNV genotype. Collectedly, coinfection of ISKNV\u2010II and RGNNV were firstly documented in mass mortality of Asian seabass in mainland China. Importantly, both individual ISKNV\u2010II and RGNNV were purely isolated using two different permissive cell lines. Our study provides useful information for better understanding the complex pathogenesis regarding the coinfection with ISKNV and NNV in farmed fish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.14052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T09:25:22Z","timestamp":1733131522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Co\u2010Infection of <scp>ISKNV<\/scp>\u2010<scp>II<\/scp> and <scp>RGNNV<\/scp> Resulting in Mass Mortality of Juvenile Asian Seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer<\/i>), Zhuhai, Southern China"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol (SKLBC, Guangzhou)\/Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (SML, Zhuhai) School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and 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