{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T12:08:23Z","timestamp":1780574903662,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]],"date-time":"2025-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Miamiensis avidus<\/jats:italic> is a parasitic pathogen responsible for scuticociliatosis, a lethal infection affecting marine fish worldwide, including Japanese flounder. Immunisation with formalin\u2010killed <jats:italic>M. avidus<\/jats:italic> has shown promise in inducing protective immunity, positioning it as a potential vaccine candidate against scuticociliatosis. However, challenges such as the high cost of producing sufficient cells and inconsistent quality due to the lack of cryopreservation methods hinder its development. In this study, we expressed <jats:italic>M. avidus<\/jats:italic> ciliary proteins in <jats:italic>Tetrahymena<\/jats:italic>, a culturable ciliate, and used these cells to immunise Japanese flounder. The immunised fish produced antibodies against <jats:italic>M. avidus<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, immunisation with two transgenic <jats:italic>Tetrahymena<\/jats:italic> strains, each expressing different ciliary proteins, induced the production of antibodies against two serotypes of the parasite. In challenge experiments, fish immunised with the transgenic <jats:italic>Tetrahymena<\/jats:italic> showed prolonged survival compared to the control group, highlighting the potential of this approach as a vaccine candidate. These findings suggest that transgenic <jats:italic>Tetrahymena<\/jats:italic> cells could be a viable platform for developing vaccines against multiple serotypes of <jats:italic>M. avidus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.14097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:47:29Z","timestamp":1739234849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of a <i>Tetrahymena thermophila<\/i>\u2010Based Vaccine Expressing <i>Miamiensis avidus<\/i> Ciliary Proteins to Combat Scuticociliatosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5878-3656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuho","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maho","family":"Kotake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyoshi","family":"Yoshinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin\u2010Ichi","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Bioresources Mie University  Tsu Mie Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Fish Physiology","author":"Anderson D. P.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/146.1.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1993.tb04480.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2017.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/8638"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.19.9196"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"652","article-title":"Assessment of Microorganism\u2010Derived Adjuvants for Scuticociliate Miamiensis avidus Vaccine","volume":"54","author":"Jung M. H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Immune Response of Olive Flounder, Paralichthys Olivaceus Against Miamiensis avidus (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida)","volume":"19","author":"Jung S. J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao073227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2011.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.891643"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25710-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"The Immune Response of the Rock Fish, Sebastiscus marmoratus. II. Effects of Temperature on the Antibody Production and Plaque\u2010Forming Cell Response to SRBC","volume":"4","author":"Nakanishi T.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.53.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052016199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.109159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47853\/FAS.2023.e52"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.4.1.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2009.01089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)88976-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.45.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00941-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1964.tb01766.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-023-00824-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.736657"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.9.3.1092-1099.1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.28.131"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfd.14097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T05:47:27Z","timestamp":1754286447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jfd.14097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jfd.14097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfd.14097","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7775","1365-2761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7775","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14097"}}