{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:57:15Z","timestamp":1790027835206,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005076","name":"Agricultural Research Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Information on pharmacokinetics (PK) and tissue residues is critical for responsible drug use. The present study aimed to investigate PK characteristics and tissue distribution of florfenicol (FF) in Pacific white shrimp following a single dose of 150\u2009mg\/kg administered via oral gavage and medicated feed. Tissue depletion study and withdrawal time determination were performed after FF\u2010medicated feed administration at a dosage of 150\u2009mg\/kg\/day for 10\u2009days. Furthermore, the effectiveness of FF against shrimp pathogens, <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic> spp., was tested in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo, using broth microdilution technique and bacterial challenge experiment (immersion with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\u2009CFU\/mL), respectively. Following the oral gavage, the peak concentration (<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) in hemolymph was 162.81\u2009\u03bcg\/mL (at 0.14\u2009h), and the area under the concentration\u2010time curve (AUC) was 71.44\u2009h\u00b7\u03bcg\/mL, whereas those of the medicated feed method were much lower, being 6.84\u2009\u03bcg\/mL (at 0.40\u2009h) and 8.25\u2009h\u00b7\u03bcg\/mL, respectively. The elimination half\u2010lives (t<jats:sub>1\/2\u03b2<\/jats:sub>) of the two routes were very short and comparable, being 0.77 and 0.75\u2009h, respectively. The hemolymph protein binding was 10.42%. FF was well distributed to the muscle, producing an AUC comparable to that of the hemolymph, but it was depleted at a slower rate. Drug residue was not found in the hemolymph and muscle at 24\u2009h after the 10\u2010day multiple dosing. The extremely fast drug elimination renders it practically ineffective in treating vibriosis in shrimp, despite demonstrating high efficacy against <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic> spp. in\u00a0vitro. Consequently, FF may not be an ideal treatment option for <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic> spp. infections in shrimp aquaculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.14126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T21:14:45Z","timestamp":1743887685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Florfenicol in Pacific White Shrimp (<scp><i>Litopenaeus vannamei<\/i><\/scp>) Following Oral Gavage and Medicated Feed Administration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Niti","family":"Chuchird","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parattagorn","family":"Wimanhaemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4622-2552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi\u2010Chung","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunothai","family":"Keetanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalitphan","family":"Kitsanayanyong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenjiraporn","family":"Hantrathin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natnicha","family":"Chongprachavat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiranya","family":"Suanploy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nithit","family":"Anakthanakit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanakrit","family":"Ratanaprapaporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7966-3592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tirawat","family":"Rairat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.741278"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Food and Drugs, Part 500 to 599","author":"CFR","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Health Management in Shrimp Ponds","author":"Chanratchakool P.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2024.102416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Methods for Broth Dilution Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria Isolated From Aquatic Animals; Approved Guideline (VET04\u2010A2)","author":"CLSI","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria Isolated From Aquatic Animals (VET04)","author":"CLSI","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Use of Animal Drugs Article 3 Annex I: Code of Practice for Aquatic Animal Drugs","author":"COA","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2020.107527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Commission Regulation (EU) No 37\/2010 of 22 December 2009 on Pharmacologically Active Substances and Their Classification Regarding Maximum Residue Limits in Foodstuffs of Animal Origin, 02010R0037\u201020240408","author":"EC","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Guideline on Determination of Withdrawal Periods for Edible Tissues, EMA\/CVMP\/SWP\/735325\/2012. 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