{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:59:15Z","timestamp":1792292355329,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC113\u20102313\u2010B020\u2010001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC113\u20102313\u2010B020\u2010001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus iniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is a pathogenic bacterium that causes severe infections and high mortality rates in threadfin fish farms. Recurrent streptococcosis outbreaks underscore the urgent need for effective vaccination strategies. This study investigates an innovative recombinant protein vaccine incorporating a recombinant C5a peptidase encoding 1780\u2009bp from\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u2009iniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    to enhance the immune response of the four\u2010finger threadfin fish (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Eleutheronema tetradactylum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). Vaccine efficacy was assessed by evaluating specific antibody titres, lysozyme activity and the immune\u2010related gene expression in a challenge test. The results demonstrated that fish immunised with C5a, FKC and C5a\u2009+\u2009FKC showed significantly higher specific antibody titres and lysozyme activity than the control group. Notably,\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    C5a\u2009+\u2009FKC displayed the highest IgM levels against the C5a antigen at 28 dpv expression. The\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    C5a\u2010based vaccine significantly increased TNF\u03b1, IL\u201010 and IL\u201012 one day after immunisation, correlating with elevated serum antibody levels and the upregulated immune\u2010related genes (C2, CD8). Fish immunised with the\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    C5a\u2009+\u2009FKC vaccine exhibited a stronger immune response and greater protective efficacy against the highly virulent\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u2009iniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    strain, with a relative survival rate of 97.5%. The combination\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    C5a\u2009+\u2009FKC RPS results are higher than those of the single antigens FKC (87.5%) and\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    C5a (30%), highlighting the potential of the\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    C5a and FKC vaccine combination as a promising method for preventing and treating\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u2009iniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    infections in threadfin fish, supporting healthier fish stocks and sustainable aquaculture practices.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.14154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T02:20:38Z","timestamp":1748312438000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Recombinant C5a Peptidase and Formalin\u2010Killed Cell: A Synergistic Vaccine Against\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Streptococcus iniae<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    in Four\u2010Finger Threadfin Fish (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Eleutheronema tetradactylum<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1379-9267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre","family":"Giovanni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5142-985X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin\u2010Ze","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture National Chiayi University  Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7986-1625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei\u2010Chi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5258-1076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming\u2010An","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2885-9370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih\u2010Chu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung Taiwan"},{"name":"General Research Service Centre National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bachrach G. 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