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These lesions contain proteolytic enzymes of likely bacterial origin. This is the first study to demonstrate fungal\u2013bacterial mixed infection in gill lesions of Fusarium\u2010infected kuruma shrimp.\n                    <jats:italic>Tenacibaculum<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. showing proteolytic activity were isolated from the lesions, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. showed no such activity. Two\n                    <jats:italic>Tenacibaculum<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were identified as\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Tenacibaculum mesophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    based on whole\u2010genome sequencing (WGS) using MiSeq and GridION. Comparative analysis with the type strain DSM 13764 revealed &gt;\u200995% nucleotide identity and 82.7% DNA\u2013DNA hybridization similarity, with average genome coverage of 250\u00d7. Genomic analysis predicted that the genomes encode multiple protease and antibiotic resistance genes. Histopathology and SEM revealed that Fusarium hyphae had penetrated gill tissue, accompanied by infiltration of blood cells. Both fungal hyphae and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T. mesophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    co\u2010localised around gill cells. Bacterial diversity, assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V4 region), declined with tissue disintegration. Immune\u2010related host genes such as anti\u2010lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were upregulated, suggesting innate immune activation. These findings provide novel insights into the disease pathogenesis and contribute to the establishment of early detection systems and biosecurity\u2010based control strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.14167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T01:05:17Z","timestamp":1749517517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Co\u2010Infection of Fungi and Bacteria in the Gills of Kuruma Shrimp (\n                    <i>Penaeus japonicus<\/i>\n                    ) Afflicted by Fusarium Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0192-0422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biosciences Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology  Minato\u2010ku 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