{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:10:55Z","timestamp":1787069455906,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011705","name":"Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology promotion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102022\u2010KS221676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102022\u2010KS221676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011705","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) causes a high mortality rate in cultured olive flounder, and effective treatment for VHSV infection is urgently required. Turmeric (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Curcuma longa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and liquorice (\n                    <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza uralensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) are well\u2010known medicinal plants with a variety of biological activities. Turmeric and liquorice extract combination (TLex), containing 12\u2009g glycyrrhizin and 0.72\u2009g curcumin per litre, exhibited low cytotoxicity (CC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 7903.08\u2009\u00b1\u20096.26\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) and potent antiviral activity (EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 149.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.34\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) in hirame natural embryo (HINAE) cells. Plaque reduction assays indicated that post\u2010exposure treatment was most effective, with antiviral efficacy increasing over time. Additionally, TLex at 133.4\u2009\u03bcg\/mL upregulated antiviral genes (Mx, ISG15, IRF3 and IRF8) at 24\u2009h. Oral administration of TLex conferred substantial protection against VHSV. In in\u00a0vivo trial I, fish receiving TLex at 3.2, 108, and 207.9\u2009\u03bcL\/fish\/day exhibited relative percent survival (RPS) rates of 42.9%\u201350% at 2\u2009weeks and 35.7%\u201342.9% at 6\u2009weeks. In in\u00a0vivo trial II, the minimum effective dose was 1.0\u2009\u03bcL\/fish\/day, yielding RPS rates of 23.5%\u201325% at 2\u2009weeks and 30.0%\u201333.3% at 5\u2009weeks, whereas lower concentrations (0.1 and 0.5\u2009\u03bcL\/fish\/day) provided minimal or no protection (5%\u201320% RPS). Field trials with TLex (30\u2009\u03bcL\/g of feed weight) resulted in RPS rates of 25.0%\u2013100% in VHSV\u2010challenged fish. These findings demonstrate that TLex is an effective antiviral agent for controlling VHSV infections in olive flounder farms, enhancing immune responses and exhibiting strong in\u00a0vivo antiviral activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T07:03:43Z","timestamp":1751007823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of a Combined Natural Extract of Turmeric (\n                    <i>Curcuma longa<\/i>\n                    ) and Liquorice (\n                    <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis<\/i>\n                    ) Against Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus in Olive Flounders (\n                    <i>Paralichthys olivaceus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6801-8635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su\u2010Mi","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aqualife Medicine Chonnam National University  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6427-476X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walimuni Randika Harshan","family":"Mendis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aqualife Medicine Chonnam National University  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Young","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aqualife Medicine Chonnam National University  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung Jae","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Biomaterial Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5043-5828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taeho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Production Management Chonnam National University  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9171-6543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung\u2010Ju","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aqualife Medicine Chonnam National University  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2014.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20102006\u2010960004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/mp700113r"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"567","article-title":"In Vivo Antiviral Potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract Against Newcastle Disease Virus","volume":"30","author":"Ashraf A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2011.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589209514174"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2009.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917\u2010018\u20101467\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12433"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124903"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.10994"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.11616"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.06.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120762"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2663758"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf058146a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2013.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"1058","article-title":"Characterization of Metabolites of the Chemopreventive Agent Curcumin in Human and Rat Hepatocytes and in the Rat In\u00a0Vivo, and Evaluation of Their Ability to Inhibit Phorbol Ester\u2010Induced Prostaglandin E2 Production","volume":"61","author":"Ireson C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Metabolism of the Cancer Chemopreventive Agent Curcumin in Human and Rat Intestine","volume":"11","author":"Ireson C. 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