{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:08:27Z","timestamp":1791320907860,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Columnaris\u2010causing bacteria (CCB) represent a group of four\n                    <jats:italic>Flavobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, previously classified under\n                    <jats:italic>Flavobacterium columnaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    , causing a threatening condition in salmonid farming characterised by cutaneous and gill lesions, commonly referred to as \u2018saddleback disease\u2019. A peracute skin disease outbreak with high mortality in rainbow trout (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Oncorhynchus mykiss<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) farms in Northern Italy was investigated. The disease presented with skin discoloration and scale lifting without internal organ abnormalities, leading to a weekly cumulative mortality of up to 80%. The disease was successfully managed with Oxytetracycline treatment, with no relapses observed. Conventional investigation methods produced inconsistent results, prompting additional analyses. Metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA identified\n                    <jats:italic>Flavobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    species differing from the classical CCB based on the alignment of the V3 and V4 regions, with best matches to\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>Flavobacterium bernardetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Flavobacterium aquicola<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Flavobacterium hiemivividum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Histopathology and SEM confirmed epidermal necrosis and bacterial infiltration in the dermis, with filamentous bacteria resembling\n                    <jats:italic>Flavobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    morphology yet differing from classical CCB lesions. These findings point to a previously undescribed\n                    <jats:italic>Flavobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010related skin disease with significant economic implications, supporting the value of metagenomic in investigating microbial dynamics in aquaculture diseases, especially in sites exposed to external environments. Further research is required to clarify the pathogenic mechanisms and guide effective management strategies for future outbreaks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T01:19:07Z","timestamp":1751073547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Metabarcoding Reveals a Potentially Undescribed Columnaris\u2010Causing Bacterium in Peracute Skin Disease of Rainbow Trout (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    , Walbaum)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7340-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuele","family":"Zamparo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Agricola Erede Rossi Silvio di Rossi Niccola  Sefro MC Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3531-1592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ginevra","family":"Brocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1556-5907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Marroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences University of Udine  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slobodanka","family":"Radovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IGA Technology Services Srl  Udine 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Groman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9182-0586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Macchiarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences University of L'Aquila  L'Aquila Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa Vera","family":"Muscatello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna  Ozzano dell'Emilia BO Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donatella","family":"Volpatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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