{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T02:48:17Z","timestamp":1779331697610,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005076","name":"Agricultural Research Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRP6605031150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP6605031150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    One of the most successful applications to protect aquatic animals from viral infection is the use of RNA interference (RNAi) in the form of double\u2010stranded RNA (dsRNA). However, its administration into animals is usually via injection route (laboratory scale) or mixing feed pellets with bacterial extracts (containing therapeutic compounds); the outcome of which remains to be improved. In this study, we encapsulated purified dsRNA into a virus\u2010like particle (VLP) and delivered it into the prawn tissues by a submersion route using interiorly modified\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Macrobrachium rosenbergii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    nodavirus derived VLP with deca\u2010arginine peptide (10R\u2010MrN\u2010VLP) to encapsulate a large scale (gram\u2010level) of dsRNA against RNA2 gene of MrNV capsid. For tracing purposes of submersion administration, GFP plasmid\u2010loaded VLP successfully delivered and expressed green fluorescent protein in prawn\u2010targeted tissues. Delivery efficiency at 12\u2010h submersion was about 50% of the prawn population and became 100% within 72\u2009h, and they remained GFP\u2010positive for up to 7\u2009days during submersion. The protective effect of dsRNA\u2010VLP submersion was tested with a large group (10,000) of post\u2010larvae, which were naturally challenged with MrNV\u2010positive dead prawn. Transcriptome analysis revealed up\u2010 and down\u2010regulations of gene clusters involved in metabolism and signal transduction related to an antiviral immune system. The survival rate of prawn treated with dsRNA\u2010VLP reached 80% at Day 7 post\u2010MrNV challenge, significantly different from that of the MrNV\u2010challenged group (control). PCR screening revealed an apparent decrease of MrNV genes and the copy number of MrNV in prawn sampling tissues. Together, we believe that the integration between the chimeric nanocontainer, RNAi technology and submersion application should be foreseen as one of the practical, powerful means to fight against prawn viral infection in field application.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T01:23:23Z","timestamp":1751073803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Submersion Treatment of Chimeric\n                    <scp>MrN<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>VLPs<\/scp>\n                    Encapsulating Therapeutic Double\u2010Stranded\n                    <scp>RNA<\/scp>\n                    Effectively Rescues Prawn Viral Infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Orawan","family":"Thongsum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Supawich","family":"Boonkua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Somkid","family":"Jaranathummakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monsicha","family":"Somrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charoonroj","family":"Chotwiwatthanakun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science Mahidol University 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