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In this study, the BB19 strain, isolated from olive flounder, was identified as\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>avidus<\/jats:italic>\n                    through phylogenetic analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) sequences and classified as\n                    <jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotype IV. Serotype\u2010specific PCR confirmed BB19 as serotype III. Agglutination assay and indirect ELISA also showed that BB19 exclusively reacted with anti\u2010serotype III (Mie0301 and BB19) sera, with no cross\u2010reactivity to other serotypes, making this the first report of this serotype in Korea. Western blot analyses revealed a unique 34 kDa protein in serotype III, distinguishing it from the 30 and 38 kDa proteins of other serotypes. These results suggest that serotype III has distinct antigenic properties, indicating that vaccines based on serotypes I and II may not offer cross\u2010protection. Virulence tests showed that BB19 caused 65% cumulative mortality in olive flounder at a concentration of 1 \u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells\/fish, a level similar to that of other serotypes. The high virulence of BB19 highlights the need for ongoing monitoring of emerging serotypes and development of effective preventive measures against\n                    <jats:italic>M. avidus<\/jats:italic>\n                    to support the aquaculture industry.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T09:28:01Z","timestamp":1753781281000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Isolation and Characterisation of Serotype\n                    <scp>III<\/scp>\n                    in\n                    <i>Miamiensis avidus<\/i>\n                    (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida) From Olive Flounder (\n                    <i>Paralichthys olivaceus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1515-9968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin\u2010Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aqualife Medicine Chonnam National University  Yeosu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6830-4728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong\u2010Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aqualife Medicine Chonnam National University  Yeosu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6801-8635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su\u2010Mi","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aqualife Medicine Chonnam National University  Yeosu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5043-5828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taeho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Production Management Chonnam National University  Yeosu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Ryun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Life Medical Sciences Sunmoon University  Asan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9171-6543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung\u2010Ju","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aqualife Medicine Chonnam National University  Yeosu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2004.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.3045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2011.09.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2012.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2016.11.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao049191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5657\/KFAS.2021.0652"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436\u2010010\u20102157\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao073227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Fish Parasites: Pathobiology and Protection","author":"Jung S. 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