{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:30:56Z","timestamp":1787671856304,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004156","name":"Mahidol University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FF\u2010056\/2566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF\u2010056\/2566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), a member of the species\n                    <jats:italic>Megalocytivirus pagrus1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , poses a significant threat to global aquaculture and has recently emerged as a major pathogen in farmed tilapia. This study reports the identification and characterisation of an ISKNV strain, designated ISKNV\u2010VS456, isolated from a lethal outbreak in Indonesian farmed tilapia. A Nile tilapia challenge experiment confirmed the virus's high pathogenicity, causing 100% mortality by 10\u2009days post\u2010infection (dpi), with the kidney identified as a key site of viral replication. Infected fish exhibited clinical signs such as edema, skin haemorrhages, and organ haemorrhages, while histopathological analysis showed extensive damage in the kidney and spleen. The whole genome of ISKNV\u2010VS456 is 111,605\u2009bp long, containing 124 open reading frames, consistent with a typical ISKNV genome. Several virulence\u2010related genes were detected, including\n                    <jats:italic>ORF022L<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ORF069L<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ORF071L<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ORF103R<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>ORF111L<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Phylogenetic analysis of the major capsid protein (\n                    <jats:italic>mcp<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene placed ISKNV\u2010VS456 within the ISKNV\u2010I subgenotype, which is associated with high virulence in tilapia. This study provides the first whole\u2010genome sequence of a lethal\n                    <jats:italic>Megalocytivirus pagrus1<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain ISKNV\u2010VS456 from Indonesian farmed tilapia (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) in Indonesia, contributing to a better understanding of the virus in Southeast Asia, where the disease is most severe.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T10:35:27Z","timestamp":1754649327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification and Characterisation of a Lethal Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (\n                    <scp>ISKNV<\/scp>\n                    ) From Indonesian Nile Tilapia Samples"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3007-9226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanvimon","family":"Saksmerprome","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (BIOTEC) Thailand Science Park  Khlong Luang Pathum Thani Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4083-5830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarocha","family":"Jitrakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (BIOTEC) Thailand Science Park  Khlong Luang Pathum Thani Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4626-8589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanokwan","family":"Dekham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences Mahidol University  Nakhon Pathom Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8879-5228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Worakorn","family":"Phumiphanjarphak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3550-4842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim D.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Research Group Moredun Research Institute  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Research Group Moredun Research Institute  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthijs","family":"Metselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Vets Ltd Woodend House, Woodend Farm Buchlyvie  Stirling UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3335-6199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puey","family":"Ounjai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5665-4041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pakorn","family":"Aiewsakun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaf.2024.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Crane M. 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