{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:30:20Z","timestamp":1790724620344,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Elasmobranchs, including sharks and rays, are commonly housed in public aquariums due to their ecological significance and educational value. The common guitarfish (\n                    <jats:italic>Rhinobatos rhinobatos<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), currently listed as \u2018Critically Endangered\u2019 by the IUCN, is particularly susceptible to population declines due to overfishing and bycatch. While generally considered robust, individuals in captivity may experience stress\u2010related health issues, increasing their susceptibility to infectious diseases. This study investigates a mortality event affecting three 20\u2010year\u2010old guitarfish kept in a public aquarium. The fish exhibited respiratory distress and ataxia before sudden death. Necropsy findings included external hemorrhages and severe hemorrhagic enteritis. Bacteriological analyses identified\n                    <jats:italic>Photobacterium damselae<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>damselae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in all specimens through MALDI\u2010TOF and PCR sequencing, while parasitological tests and RT\u2010PCR for\n                    <jats:italic>Betanodavirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were negative. Histopathology revealed bacterial aggregates in the gills, heart and kidney, consistent with systemic bacterial septicemia.\n                    <jats:italic>P. damselae<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>damselae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an opportunistic marine pathogen known to cause hemorrhagic septicemia in various fish species. This case represents the first documented occurrence of fatal\n                    <jats:italic>P. damselae<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>damselae<\/jats:italic>\n                    septicemia in captive guitarfish. Understanding the impact of infectious diseases in confined environments is essential for improving the health management of endangered elasmobranchs in aquariums and conservation programs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T11:04:01Z","timestamp":1759575841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fatal Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Common Guitarfish (\n                    <i>Rhinobatos rhinobatos<\/i>\n                    ) Caused by\n                    <i>Photobacterium damselae<\/i>\n                    Subsp.\n                    <i>damselae<\/i>\n                    in a Controlled Environment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0217-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Bignami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7369-2675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Pirollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8962-9929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Perla","family":"Tedesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3429-6121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Caffara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8234-432X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Letizia","family":"Fioravanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Campesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acquario di Cattolica  Cattolica Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Da Rugna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acquario di Cattolica  Cattolica Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Gridelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acquario di Cattolica  Cattolica Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5818-5894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Quaglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Nutrition Universit\u00e0 di Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4249-4278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Gustinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35229\/jaes.1281938"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315408001124"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02367"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes8030128"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14255"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119169147.ch19"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/26795"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01771"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao040177"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00002\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00283"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"The Elasmobranch Husbandry Manual: Captive Care of Sharks, Rays and Their Relatives","author":"Smith M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12860"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish 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