{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:16:34Z","timestamp":1773004594962,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Blood flukes cause serious health issues for farmed bluefin tuna worldwide. Their infection severity has been assessed by counting adult flukes in heart flushes. However,\n                    <jats:italic>Cardicola orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    adults reside in blood vessels in the gills. The aim of this study was to assess species composition, prevalence and intensity of adult blood fluke infection in gill blood vessels of ranched Southern Bluefin Tuna,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Thunnus maccoyii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Based on molecular analysis, out of 41 adult blood flukes found in the gills of the tuna, 32 flukes were confirmed to be\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. forsteri<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , while only 1 fluke was\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . There was a significant relationship between the number of adult\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. forsteri<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in the heart and in the gills, with the heart having significantly greater prevalence. The presence of adult\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. forsteri<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in the gills can cause blockage of the gill blood vessels and have a significant effect on the host. Furthermore, the presence of adult\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. forsteri<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in gill blood vessels may have implications for the diagnosis of the infection and in particular identification of a negative host. The presence of adult\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. forsteri<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in gill blood vessels should be recorded in the species description and considered when assessing the effects of this parasite on the host.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:34:56Z","timestamp":1760178896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Presence of Adult\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Cardicola forsteri<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    (Trematoda: Aporocotylidae) in the Gills of Southern Bluefin Tuna: Implications for Diagnosis and Pathology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Jemma","family":"Hudson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, STEM College RMIT University  Bundoora Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Carabott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, STEM College RMIT University  Bundoora Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Shirakashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Research Institute Kindai University  Higashiosaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4049-9945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Bott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, STEM College RMIT University  Bundoora Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0347-643X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara F.","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, STEM College RMIT University  Bundoora Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20102679.2007.00248.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2009.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2005.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-411459-3.00008-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166\u20106851(89)90172\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Potential Pathological Effects of Blood Flukes (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) on Pen\u2010Reared Marine Fishes","volume":"52","author":"Bullard S. A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102761.2001.00289.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"A New Blood\u2010Fluke, Cardicola forsteri, (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) of Southern Blue\u2010Fin Tuna (\n                     Thunnus maccoyii\n                  ) in Aquaculture","volume":"124","author":"Cribb T. H.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810388524"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102761.2005.00629.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2012.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2015.06.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000082044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2017.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Assessment of Health Risks to Southern Bluefin Tuna Under Current Culture Conditions","volume":"24","author":"Nowak B. F.","year":"2004","journal-title":"European Association of Fish Pathologists"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2013.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101248"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102109.2005.01222.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2011.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.48.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2015.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","unstructured":"Neumann L.2017.\u201cMolecular Detection of Pathogens in Southern Bluefin Tuna.\u201d PhD Thesis. University of Tasmania. Tasmania Australia."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfd.70069","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jfd.70069","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfd.70069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:41:33Z","timestamp":1772995293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jfd.70069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jfd.70069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfd.70069","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7775","1365-2761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7775","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70069"}}