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As traditional chemotherapeutic treatments, like formalin, face growing regulatory restrictions, there is an urgent need for alternative control strategies. This study screened the in\u00a0vitro antiparasitic activity of 16 phytogenic active ingredients (\n AIs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), including essential oils (\n EOs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and commercial feed additives, against adult\n S. chrysophrii<\/jats:italic>\n . Worms were exposed to a range of concentrations of each compound, and mortality was assessed over 24\u2009h. Lethal dose 50% (\n LD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n ) values were calculated and categorised by short\u2010, mid\u2010, and long\u2010term efficacy. Several\n AIs<\/jats:styled-content>\n , such as\n \n Cinnamomum zeylanicum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n Origanum vulgare<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n Thymus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , and the commercial formulations Arotec\u2010G and\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009+\u2009\n HE<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n EO<\/jats:styled-content>\n , demonstrated rapid and strong toxicity, with low\n LD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n values observed within 2\u2009h. In addition to lethality, characteristic morphological damage was detected in exposed parasites, indicating a direct and severe parasiticidal effect. These results highlight the high efficacy of various\n AIs<\/jats:styled-content>\n at concentrations significantly lower than those used in standard formalin baths. Overall, the study identifies several promising candidates for the development of alternative treatments against\n S. chrysophrii<\/jats:italic>\n , providing a solid scientific basis for future in\u00a0vivo validation and integration into sustainable parasite control programs in marine aquaculture.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T05:57:46Z","timestamp":1763445466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Looking for Greener Pastures: In\u00a0Vitro Screening of Phytogenics for the Control of\n Sparicotyle chrysophrii<\/i>\n in Gilthead Sea Bream"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7369-2675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Pirollo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC) Castell\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC) Castell\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3429-6121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Caffara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Caneschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Societ\u00e0 Italiana per la Ricerca Sugli Oli Essenziali (SIROE) Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6218-2191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itziar","family":"Estensoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC) Castell\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinni","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMar AS Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Scozzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APA\u2010CT Srl Forl\u00ec Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariadna","family":"Sitj\u00e0\u2010Bobadilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC) Castell\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7702-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oswaldo","family":"Palenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC) Castell\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Asociaci\u00f3n Empresarial de Acuicultura de Espa\u00f1a \u2010 APROMAR.2025.\u201cThe Aquaculture in Spain 2024.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2016.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes7030133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/are.12238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27206900"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.1.50\u201062.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22034\/iar.2024.2008628.1671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30574\/ijsra.2024.11.1.0302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020185"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2015.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2020.100511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13081773"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Therapeutic Effect of Onion (Allium cepa) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Oils on Cryptosporidiosis in Experimentally Infected Mice","volume":"7","author":"El Ezz N. 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