{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:02:11Z","timestamp":1781193731237,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is known to cause significant mortality in farmed shrimp, including black tiger shrimp (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Penaeus monodon<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and white leg shrimp (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Litopenaeus vannamei<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) across several countries. Prolonged infections with WSSV are difficult to eliminate with traditional methods like vaccinations, probiotics, and immunostimulants. Herein, we assessed the antiviral effectiveness of two medicinal plants,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Cydonia oblonga<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Juglans regia<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , against WSSV. The crude ethanolic leaf extract of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>J. regia<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and the acetone fruit extract of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. oblonga<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    were evaluated through phytochemical analysis, GC\u2013MS profiling, in silico studies, in\u00a0vivo toxicity assessment, and antiviral validation. The presence of bioactive substances, such as phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidants known for their strong antiviral and immunomodulatory properties, was verified by phytochemical analysis. In particular, the important bioactive constituents with known antiviral potential, including naringenin, juglone, kaempferol, beta\u2010sitosterol, quercetin, and epicatechin, were confirmed in these plant extracts by GC\u2013MS analysis. Strong binding affinities of these medicines to the VP28 envelope protein of WSSV were shown\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    molecular docking studies, with the binding energies ranging from \u22126.0 to \u22128.9\u2009kcal\/mol. Significant protection against WSSV challenge was demonstrated by in\u00a0vivo neutralisation tests. Pairwise comparisons confirmed extremely significant differences between the treated and untreated infected groups, and these results were statistically significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05). Molecular diagnostics by PCR provided additional confirmation of the antiviral activity of the medicinal plants, coupled with a Western blot assay and an indirect ELISA. Taken together, the findings suggest that the studied medicinal plants can offer a safe, affordable, and environmentally beneficial substitute for synthetic antiviral drugs in aquaculture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:26:41Z","timestamp":1765888001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical and Molecular Insights Into the Antiviral Efficacy of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Juglans regia<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    (Walnut) Leaf Ethanolic Extract and\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Cydonia oblonga<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    (Quince) Fruit Acetone Extract in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Litopenaeus vannamei<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Infected With White Spot Syndrome Virus (\n                    <scp>WSSV<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4210-9888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Betty","family":"Mary Divya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries Sher\u2010e Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology  Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8951-1493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feroz Ahmad","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries Sher\u2010e Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology  Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azeez","family":"Sait Sahul Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, PG &amp; Research Department of Zoology C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University)  Melvisharam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1308-4341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venkatesan","family":"Rajkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, PG &amp; Research Department of Zoology C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University)  Melvisharam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qadiri","family":"Syed Shariq Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries Sher\u2010e Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology  Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9222-8701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asimi","family":"Oyas Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Fish Nutrition &amp; Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries Sher\u2010e Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology  Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6574-548X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gani","family":"Taju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, PG &amp; Research Department of Zoology C. 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