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However, quasispecies have not been previously reported in the grass carp reovirus (GCRV), which has caused severe hemorrhagic disease in grass carp in China for several decades. This study revealed the presence of multiple co\u2010existing mutant sequences within individual viral strains, indicative of a quasispecies distribution in GCRV strains through Sanger sequencing of viral genomic segments. Different viral strains exhibited varying degrees of quasispecies diversity and heterogeneity, potentially establishing a basis for viral evolution in response to environmental changes and host adaptation. This study provides novel insights into the genetic variation and evolution of GCRV, which will not only enhance the understanding of GCRV transmission and prevalence but also facilitate the development of vaccines against grass carp hemorrhagic disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T09:17:33Z","timestamp":1767086253000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Insights Into the Grass Carp Reovirus Quasispecies From Sanger Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Shucheng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Oceanology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinglin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science Shanghai Ocean University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xubing","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guitang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.06.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"S6","article-title":"Evaluating Defectiveness of Integrated HIV\u20101 Quasispecies in Brain and Spleen Reservoirs Using Nanopore Sequencing","volume":"29","author":"Collins M. 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