{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:28:02Z","timestamp":1783110482714,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Vibriosis caused by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Vibrio vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is a significant threat in brackish\u2010water aquaculture, yet its involvement in Nile tilapia (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) outbreaks in Thailand has not been previously confirmed. This study investigated seven disease events in brackish water\u2013farmed tilapia to identify the causative agent and characterise its pathogenicity. Moribund fish exhibited enophthalmos, cutaneous haemorrhages, vent hyperemia, and gastrointestinal congestion. Bacteria were consistently identified as\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    by MALDI\u2010TOF MS and confirmed by qPCR targeting the\n                    <jats:italic>16S rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>vvhA<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. All isolates carried key virulence genes (\n                    <jats:italic>vvhA, vuuA,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>pilFVV<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Phylogenetic analysis of partial\n                    <jats:italic>16S rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences revealed that outbreak isolates formed a monophyletic clade within\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and clustered closely with other\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    strains. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed uniform susceptibility to oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole\u2013trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol, while most isolates exhibited intermediate susceptibility to amoxicillin. Histopathology of naturally infected fish demonstrated systemic vascular lesions with congestion, haemorrhage, melanomacrophage proliferation, and mixed inflammatory infiltrates affecting the brain, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. Experimental infection reproduced the disease, with tilapia challenged at 10\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009CFU\/fish showing 100% mortality within 6\u2009h, whereas lower doses caused transient illness followed by complete recovery and no detectable infection. The findings indicate the pathogen's high virulence, broad organ involvement, and susceptibility to commonly used aquaculture antibiotics. Early diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial selection, and improved health management are essential to reduce future outbreaks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T12:20:16Z","timestamp":1771417216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification and Characterisation of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Vibrio vulnificus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Associated With an Outbreak in Brackish Water\u2013Farmed Nile Tilapia (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Oreochromis niloticus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ) in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8073-6226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasibha","family":"Jantrakajorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science Prince of Songkla University  Songkhla Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukanya","family":"Phalitakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mahanakorn University of Technology  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4815-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Watcharapol","family":"Suyapoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science Prince of Songkla University  Songkhla Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8613-738X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pornpawit","family":"Tanpichai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animals Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mahanakorn University of Technology  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejar.2017.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201070528\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2005.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01492"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"539","article-title":"Vibrio vulnificus\n                   Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"76","author":"Bross M. 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