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To understand the transmission cycle of\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u2009anguillarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in aquaculture environments, we analysed the release dynamics of the pathogen and fish\u2010derived materials from red seabream experimentally infected via intraperitoneal injection, immersion or cohabitation. Environmental DNA (eDNA) concentrations of\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u2009anguillarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in rearing water increased as infection progressed and showed positive correlations with red seabream eDNA across all infection methods. Size\u2010fractionation demonstrated that although &gt;\u200950% of\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u2009anguillarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    eDNA was in the fraction &lt;\u20093.0\u2009\u03bcm but \u2265\u20090.4\u2009\u03bcm, 30%\u201340% was also detected in the 3\u2010 and 20\u2010\u03bcm fractions. These larger fractions contained 80% of red seabream eDNA. Furthermore, viable\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u2009anguillarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and its DNA were detected in external tissues of surviving fish (gill filaments, skin mucus and distal intestine), with no significant differences in quantities between immersion and cohabitation groups. These results collectively suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u2009anguillarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    released from infected red seabream enters the surrounding water together with fish\u2010derived materials, with multiple external tissues contributing to this release, and further suggest that a portion of the bacteria may persist in the environment attached to tissue particles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T11:10:05Z","timestamp":1771585805000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Release Dynamics of\n                    <i>Edwardsiella anguillarum<\/i>\n                    and Fish\u2010Derived Materials From Experimentally Infected Red Seabream (\n                    <i>Pagrus major<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4658-9570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisato","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South Ehime Fisheries Research Center Ehime University  Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shogo","family":"Harakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ehime Fisheries Research Center  Uwajima Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidemasa","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ehime Fisheries Research Center  Uwajima Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonoko","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Ehime Fisheries Research Center Ehime University  Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.10.3650\u20103654.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.57.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-417186-2.00004-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.3.1034\u20101039.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02687"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Preliminary Epidemiological Study of Carrying Situation in Red Sea Bream (Pagrus major) Surviving Edwardsiellosis in Farms","volume":"24","author":"Hanyu K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bulletin of Mie Prefecture Fisheries Research Institute"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2331\/suisan.80.572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.60.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Pathogenicity of Edwardsiella tarda Isolated From Cultured Red Sea Bream, Pagrus major","volume":"8","author":"Hatai K.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bulletin of Nagasaki Prefecture Institute of Fisheries"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.4802"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12522"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11233\/aquaculturesci.56.551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574\u20106968.2001.tb09476.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries of Japan.2025a.\u201cMarine Fisheries Production Statistics (In Japanese).\u201dhttps:\/\/www.maff.go.jp\/j\/tokei\/kouhyou\/kaimen_gyosei\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries of Japan.2025b.\u201cFish Disease Damage Status (in Japanese).\u201dhttps:\/\/www.maff.go.jp\/j\/syouan\/suisan\/suisan_yobo\/disease\/gyobyou_higai_jyoukyou.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries of Japan.2025c.\u201cWater\u2010Use Medicines for Aquaculture. 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