{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:53:21Z","timestamp":1785772401581,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009649","name":"University of the West Indies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009649","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002554","name":"AIDS Healthcare Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mycobacteriosis is a significant disease in fish husbandry, with negative impacts on production facilities. Moreover, some\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. that infect fish have zoonotic potential. Morbidity and mortality events at hybrid tilapia (\n                    <jats:italic>Oreochromis<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.) farms in Trinidad and Tobago (T&amp;T) associated with mycobacterial infections prompted a broader surveillance investigation across the hybrid tilapia farms within the country. Of the 168 specimens examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 42% were\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium spp<\/jats:italic>\n                    . positive. Among the mycobacteria\u2010positive specimens, clinical signs (lethargy and loss of equilibrium) were observed in 96% (68 of 71), of which gross external abnormalities were evident in 7% (5 of 68) and internal lesions (granulomas) in 22% (15 of 68). Specimens that were mycobacteria\u2010negative showed no clinical signs, gross abnormalities or lesions. Sequence analysis of a partial 723\u2010bp\n                    <jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n                    (region V) fragment confirmed the presence of a consortium of uncharacterised\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in 18 hybrid tilapia specimens. These findings suggest that potentially novel species are circulating within and causing clinical and subclinical disease in the local farmed hybrid tilapia population in T&amp;T. The study also revealed that over the period 2020\u20132021, 75% (9 of 12) of the major hybrid tilapia production facilities in T&amp;T were infected with mycobacteria. This represents the first documentation of a piscine mycobacteriosis outbreak in hybrid tilapia in the Caribbean.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T10:03:50Z","timestamp":1775729030000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnosis of Mycobacteriosis in Cultured Hybrid Tilapia (\n                    <i>Oreochromis<\/i>\n                    spp.) in Trinidad and Tobago"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3036-015X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lemar","family":"Blake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences The University of the West Indies  St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianne Brown","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pre\u2010Clinical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences The University of the West Indies  St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soren","family":"Nicholls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pre\u2010Clinical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences The University of the West Indies  St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6054-9634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California\u2010Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Iwanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center  Leetown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rod","family":"Suepaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences The University of the West Indies  St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Oura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences The University of the West Indies  St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8960-3884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayanna Carla N.","family":"Phillips Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences The University of the West Indies  St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5699-5708.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2019.190145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56604-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.14079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000245"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2003.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8091368"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63222-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35172\/rvz.2023.v30.1562"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Francis\u2010Floyd R.2011.Mycobacterial Infections of Fish."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3762\/bjoc.13.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.2.710-715.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4639-4646.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook","author":"Isenberg H. 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