{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:26:50Z","timestamp":1783110410962,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n was confirmed as the etiologic agent of streptococcosis in Nile tilapia (\n \n Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) from Campeche, Mexico, during a cross\u2010sectional investigation of eight semi\u2010intensive farms (2021\u20132022) that yielded virulent strains in a challenge assay. Standard bacteriology, histopathology, API\u201020 Strep phenotyping, one\u2010step PCR, and real\u2010time PCR confirmed\n \n S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in five farms (62.5%). Gross and histological lesions were characterised by mid\u2010axial and peduncular muscle abscesses, extensive myonecrosis, granuloma formation, polyserositis, and occasional suppurative meningitis. Experimental infections fulfilled Koch's postulates. Juveniles of\n \n O. niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (20\u2009g) infected with strain ASG\u20102290 at 10\n 6<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009CFU\/mL produced 53% mortality at 96\u2009h. Whole\u2010genome sequencing of the strains ASG\u20102290 and ASG\u20102292 identified them as\n \n S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n Ia, marking the first report of this serotype isolated from farmed tilapia in Mexico. Frequent interstate fry movements are likely to be a risk factor for pathogen dissemination. These findings document the geographic expansion of pathogenic\n \n S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n into the Yucatan Peninsula, underscoring the need for strengthened surveillance, biosecurity, and diagnostic capacity to mitigate economic losses in Mexican tilapia aquaculture. Considering that tilapia aquaculture is carried out all year\u2010round in the Yucatan Peninsula, the implications of these findings are of major concern.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T01:10:17Z","timestamp":1773796217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Confirmed Outbreaks of Streptococcosis Caused by\n \n Streptococcus agalactiae<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n Serotype Ia in Nile Tilapia Culture From Campeche, Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"R. A.","family":"Avila\u2010Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, EPOMEX Institute Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Campeche Campeche M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9750-4226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. E.","family":"del Rio\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, EPOMEX Institute Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Campeche Campeche M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0760-4029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. A.","family":"Soto\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Subsede Mazatl\u00e1n en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental, Av. S\u00e1balo\u2010Cerritos Mazatl\u00e1n M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Navarro\u2010Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, EPOMEX Institute Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Campeche Campeche M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. D.","family":"Cu\u2010Escamilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, EPOMEX Institute Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Campeche Campeche M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. I.","family":"Marrujo\u2010Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Subsede Mazatl\u00e1n en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental, Av. S\u00e1balo\u2010Cerritos Mazatl\u00e1n M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. G.","family":"Aguilar\u2010Rendon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Subsede Mazatl\u00e1n en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental, Av. S\u00e1balo\u2010Cerritos Mazatl\u00e1n M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. I.","family":"Gomez\u2010Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, EPOMEX Institute Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Campeche Campeche M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico Biol\u00f3gicas Campus V, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Campeche, Av. Humberto Lanz C\u00e1rdenas s\/n, Col. Ex Hacienda Kal\u00e1 Campeche M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"AVMA.2020.\u201cAVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2020 Edition Version 2020.0.1. 978\u20101\u2010882691\u201009\u20108.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.14166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00285-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Castro Ortiz A.2020.\u201cIdentification and Characterization of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated Form Cultured Nile Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) From the Dam \u201cEl Gallo\u201d State of Guerrero Mexico.\u201dMaster Thesis in Spanish. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo Facultad de Biolog\u00eda.http:\/\/bibliotecavirtual.dgb.umich.mx:8083\/xmlui\/han\u2010dle\/DGB_UMICH\/2834."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Comparative Histopathology of Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus agalactiae\u2010Infected Tilapia","volume":"27","author":"Chen C. Y.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bulletin of the European Fish Pathologists"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"CONAPESCA.2023.\u201cAquaculture and Fisheries Yearly Statistics Fisheries and Aquaculture National Board of Mexico (in Spanish).\u201dhttps:\/\/www.gob.mx\/conapesca\/documentos\/registro\u2010nacional\u2010de\u2010pesca\u2010y\u2010acuacultura\u2010rnpa."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Conroy G.2014.\u201cMost frequent tilapia diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean 9th International Aquaculture Forum. Book of Abstracts World Aquaculture Society.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Del Rio\u2010 Rodriguez R. E. M. I.G\u00f3mez\u2010 Solano M. G.Maldonado\u2010 Vel\u00e1zquez E. F.Mendoza\u2010 Franco andS.Laffon\u2010 Leal.2013.\u201cHealth Status of Campeche's Aquaculture Internal Report.\u201dFOMIX\u2010CONACyT M\u00e9xico Instituto Epomex Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Campeche 73 p."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Doyle J. J. andJ. L.Doyle.1987.\u201cA rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03780"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Streptococcosis in Tilapia: Clinico\u2010Pathological Picture of Experimentally Infected Tilapia","volume":"11","author":"Fawzy N. M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Science Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes9070279"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Histological Findings of Experimental Streptococcus agalactiae Infection in Nile Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"2","author":"Filh\u00f3 I.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal Of Veterinary Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32870\/jbf.v2i2.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2009.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13447"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2018.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2504.4180543"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00236772241288146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Diagnosis of Rural Aquaculture in Mexico (2022\u20132024)","author":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Tellez N. A.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"7","volume-title":"OIE Aquatic Animal Health Code","author":"OIE","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12775"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000685"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2015.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","unstructured":"Sheean B. L.Labrie Y. S.Lee et\u00a0al.2009.\u201cStreptococosis in tilapia: Vaccination effective against main strep species Global Aquaculture Advocate 1\u20139.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.aquaculturealliance.org\/advocate\/streptococcosis\u2010in\u2010tilapia\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48045\/001c.38695"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soto\u2010Rodriguez S. A. S. A.Lopez andK. A.Rend\u00f3n.2023.\u201cPrevalence of pathogenic bacteria detected by qPCR from cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticusLinnaeus 1758) in Southwest Mexico.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.06.27.546743. BioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.06.27.546743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12358"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2017.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15578\/iaj.16.2.2021.119-125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26319"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","volume-title":"Veterinary Epidemiology","author":"Thrusfield M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000688"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","first-page":"634","volume-title":"Elementary Statistics","author":"Triola M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","volume-title":"Diagnosis of Mexican Aquaculture, 978\u2010607\u201099061\u20105\u20103","author":"V\u00e1zquez\u2010Vera L.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanong R. P. andR.Francis\u2010Floyd.2006.\u201cStreptococcal infections of fish. Florida Cooperative Extension Service. IFAS University of Florida 1\u20135.\u201d","DOI":"10.32473\/edis-fa057-2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737724"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae609"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfd.70159","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jfd.70159","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfd.70159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:08:54Z","timestamp":1783109334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jfd.70159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jfd.70159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfd.70159","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7775","1365-2761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7775","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70159"}}