{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:53:29Z","timestamp":1785772409791,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018811","name":"National Pingtung University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R0053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R0053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018811","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Edwardsiella anguillarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    causes Edwardsiellosis in fish, resulting in severe internal organ lesions and substantial economic losses in aquaculture. The limited efficacy of antibiotics in treating this disease, coupled with concerns regarding resistance and side effects, has driven interest in exploring fish vaccines. Various vaccine candidates derived from\n                    <jats:italic>E. anguillarum,<\/jats:italic>\n                    including inactivated cells and protein subunits, have shown potential. Here, we developed a vaccine against\n                    <jats:italic>E. anguillarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in milkfish, and its efficacy was evaluated through vaccination challenge trials using milkfish as the target species. The formalin\u2010killed vaccine (FKC) in combination with an adjuvant exhibited superior efficacy, achieving a relative percent survival (RPS) of 83.4%. Furthermore, the agglutination titers indicated a robust immune response in the FKC\u2009+\u2009Adjuvant group, suggesting a potent and sustained antibody response. Additionally, serum lysozyme activity was significantly higher in vaccinated fish than in controls. Immune\u2010related gene expression analysis in spleen and head kidney revealed that IL\u20101\u03b2 peaked at 14\u2009days post\u2010vaccination, indicating early pro\u2010inflammatory response, while MHC\u2010II showed progressive elevation, suggesting sustained antigen presentation and humoral immunity. Overall, this study underscores the effectiveness of the FKC\u2009+\u2009Adjuvant combination in enhancing immune response and protecting against bacterial pathogens in aquaculture, presenting a promising strategy for disease control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T12:15:08Z","timestamp":1774354508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing the Potential of a Formalin\u2010Killed Cells (FKC) Vaccine Against\n                    <i>Edwardsiella anguillarum<\/i>\n                    in Milkfish (\n                    <i>Chanos chanos<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4706-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atiek","family":"Rahmawaty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International College, International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3339-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li\u2010Wu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7986-1625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei\u2010Chi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International College, International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary 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Pingtung Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung Taiwan"},{"name":"Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Centre for Animal Biologics National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung 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