{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:53:24Z","timestamp":1785772404779,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Immersion anaesthesia is widely used in fish handling and research, yet optimization of protocols requires not only effective immobilization but also consideration of internal physiological responses. This study evaluated the effects of immersion\u2010administered lidocaine (60 and 80\u2009mg\/L) as an adjuvant to clove essential oil (CEO; 100\u2009\u03bcL\/L) on anaesthesia induction and recovery in juvenile\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    under tightly controlled temperature (27.5\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00b0C). Behavioural endpoints included loss of equilibrium (LOE), time to an operational anaesthetic plane and recovery time; opercular respiratory rate was assessed as an internal physiological indicator. In the main experiment, adding lidocaine to CEO did not significantly alter LOE, time to anaesthetic plane or recovery time relative to CEO alone. In contrast, respiratory\u2010rate trajectories differed significantly among treatments during both induction and recovery, indicating protocol\u2010dependent modulation of ventilatory dynamics despite similar time\u2010based anaesthetic endpoints. A complementary preliminary experiment showed that lidocaine alone (60 or 80\u2009mg\/L) did not induce LOE or anaesthetic plane within a predefined 5\u2010min exposure window, although it produced clear dose\u2010dependent changes in respiratory rate relative to water and ethanol controls. Together with qualitative observations of reduced behavioural activation, these findings are compatible with a possible calming or sedation\u2010like effect of lidocaine, although this was not formally measured and should be considered a hypothesis. Overall, lidocaine did not improve the operational speed of a CEO\u2010based immersion anaesthetic protocol in Nile tilapia, but it did modulate physiological responses relevant to protocol refinement. These results highlight the importance of integrating both behavioural and internal physiological indicators, together with strict thermal control, when evaluating immersion anaesthesia protocols in fish.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T15:58:42Z","timestamp":1776009522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Lidocaine as an Adjuvant to Clove Essential Oil on Anaesthetic Induction and Recovery in Nile Tilapia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"J. A.","family":"Franco\u2010Ortega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Biociencias, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Guanajuato  Irapuato Guanajuato M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"Albertos\u2010Alpuche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Laboratory, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Guanajuato  Irapuato Guanajuato M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Mora\u2010Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livestock Science Department Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico  Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Y\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Laboratory, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Guanajuato  Irapuato Guanajuato M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2006.2236.2242"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1462812"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2024.109839"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12565"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"Tilapia Culture","author":"El\u2010Sayed A.\u2010F. 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B.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2016.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"Secretar\u00eda de Agricultura Ganader\u00eda Desarrollo Rural Pesca y Alimentaci\u00f3n (SAGARPA).2016.\u201cManual de Buenas Pr\u00e1cticas de Producci\u00f3n Acu\u00edcola de Tilapia.\u201dGobierno de M\u00e9xico.https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/agricultura."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2022.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0290"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"463","volume-title":"Fish Physiology","author":"Sneddon L. 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H.2010.\u201cBiostatistical Analysis Pearson Prentice\u2010Hall.\u201dUpper Saddle River NJ."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfd.70186","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jfd.70186","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfd.70186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T14:58:36Z","timestamp":1785769116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jfd.70186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jfd.70186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfd.70186","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7775","1365-2761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7775","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70186"}}