{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:52:13Z","timestamp":1787313133685,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFD2401100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD2401100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020084","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024B03J1347;2024B03J1301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024B03J1347;2024B03J1301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005906","name":"Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025SJXK4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025SJXK4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005906","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005906","name":"Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023TD49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TD49"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005906","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Grass carp hemorrhagic disease, mainly caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV), is a major threat to grass carp aquaculture, and vaccination is considered a sustainable strategy for disease prevention and control. However, the protective efficacy of GCRV vaccines and the factors influencing it have not been systematically synthesised. In this study, literature on GCRV vaccines was retrieved from CNKI, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement, covering database inception to March 10, 2026, followed by meta\u2010analysis. After screening, 44 studies were included, of which 24 entered the main meta\u2010analysis. Compared with controls, GCRV vaccines significantly reduced post\u2010challenge mortality in grass carp (RR\u2009=\u20090.473, 95% CI: 0.418\u20130.536), with substantial between\u2010study heterogeneity (\n                    <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009204.61,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001;\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200988.8%). Subgroup analyses showed that protective efficacy varied by publication period, immunisation route, vaccine platform, and GCRV genotype background. Sensitivity analyses and leave\u2010one\u2010out analyses indicated overall stable results, while publication bias tests suggested possible small\u2010study effects. Descriptive evidence mapping showed a marked increase in GCRV vaccine studies in recent years, mainly focusing on DNA vaccines and subunit\/peptide vaccines, with evidence concentrated on GCRV\u2010II. Overall, GCRV vaccines can reduce post\u2010challenge mortality in grass carp to a certain extent, but their protective efficacy is influenced by multiple factors. Future studies should improve antigen matching, standardise evaluation systems, and develop vaccines with both efficacy and field applicability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T08:10:14Z","timestamp":1776154214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protective Efficacy of Vaccines Against Grass Carp Hemorrhagic Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Junhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science Shanghai Ocean University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science Shanghai Ocean University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1397-3058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xubing","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8448-4089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0784-1779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shucheng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Guangzhou 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