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To identify the causative agent, 12 bacterial isolates that exhibited the same phenotypic characteristics were isolated from diseased fish. A further phylogenetic (16S rDNA) characterization identified the bacterium as\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Flavobacterium psychrophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Genetic characterization revealed that all 12 bacterial isolates belonged to serotype Type\u20101 and sequence type ST418, a newly documented ST closely associated with cyprinid fish hosts. In infection trials, the bacterium exhibited clear virulence in grass carp, producing clinical signs consistent with those observed during the outbreak. Furthermore, histopathology of diseased fish with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>F.\u2009psychrophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    revealed ulcerative dermatitis with associated myositis, proliferative branchitis, vascular congestion and focal necrosis in the liver, multifocal necrosis in the spleen, and tubular dilation with renal corpuscle necrosis in the kidney. Given the potential risk of cross\u2010species transmission among cyprinid fish, we also evaluated the pathogenicity of this bacterium in Prussian carp (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Carassius gibelio<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), a widely cultured species in China. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>F. psychrophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    causing mass mortality in farmed grass carp in China and provides essential information to support improved prevention and risk mitigation strategies for this emerging disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T04:38:22Z","timestamp":1777955902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification and Characterization of\n                    <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum<\/i>\n                    as a Causative Pathogen in Farmed Grass Carp\n                    <i>Ctenopharyngodon idella<\/i>\n                    in China"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fishery Zhejiang Ocean University  Zhoushan China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries (Zhejiang Freshwater Fishery Environmental Monitoring Station)  Huzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5498-9449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingyun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries (Zhejiang Freshwater Fishery Environmental Monitoring Station)  Huzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries (Zhejiang Freshwater Fishery Environmental Monitoring Station)  Huzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayun","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries (Zhejiang Freshwater Fishery Environmental Monitoring Station)  Huzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fishery Zhejiang Ocean University  Zhoushan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9261-1719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries (Zhejiang Freshwater Fishery Environmental Monitoring Station)  Huzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.35.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874401x01104010040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao006037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.55.7.1796\u20101800.1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713\u201046\u20101\u2010128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Studies on Myxobacteria Associated With Diseases in Salmonid Fishes","volume":"8","author":"Borg A. 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