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However, information on the population structure of field strains in Turkey has been lacking. Here, we report the first systematic serotypic, proteomic, and genomic characterization of 23\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. anguillarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    isolates collected over 10\u2009years from rainbow trout farms located in six major aquaculture regions of Turkey. Serological analyses based on microagglutination, supported by ELISA characterization of hyperimmune sera, identified a clear predominance of serotype O1, whereas isolate V12 exhibited a non\u2010agglutinating, atypical O\u2010antigen profile. Protein profiling (SDS\u2010PAGE) and immunoblotting showed largely conserved whole\u2010cell protein patterns among the isolates, but distinct immunogenic bands at 14, 18, and 40\u2009kDa were detected in isolates V18 and V21. Long\u2010read whole\u2010genome sequencing revealed that most Turkish isolates grouped within the global O1 clade, while V12, V25, and V28 isolates occupied more distant branches. Comparative genomics demonstrated a conserved core virulence gene set (RTX toxins, siderophore and iron\u2010uptake systems, motility and adhesion factors, Type VI secretion system), with strain\u2010dependent variation in accessory loci such as anguibactin and T6SS\u2010I. Experimental infections of rainbow trout demonstrated significant differences in virulence among isolates (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with the V18 isolate showing high, the V15 intermediate, and the V12 low\u2010mortality rates. By elucidating the relationship among the serotype, immunogenic protein profiles, virulence gene repertoires, and in\u00a0vivo pathogenicity, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the antigenic and genomic diversity of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Vibrio anguillarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    isolates from Turkey. Notably, the identification of V18 and V21 as promising candidate strains for further vaccine evaluation, characterized by high virulence and unique immunogenic features, provides a scientific foundation for the development of serotype\u2010specific vaccination strategies to mitigate vibriosis\u2010associated losses in aquaculture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:01:24Z","timestamp":1778904084000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serotypic and Genomic Diversity of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Vibrio anguillarum<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    in Rainbow Trout Farms in Turkey: Implications for Vibriosis Control and Vaccine Candidate Selection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Soner","family":"Altun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7707-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed","family":"Duman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4786-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas L.","family":"Romalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS\u2010Faculty of Biology Universidade de Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Galicia Spain"},{"name":"CRETUS Universidade de Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Galicia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5368-4819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nihed","family":"Ajmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Graduate School of Health Science Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4584-5097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gorkem","family":"Tasci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Graduate School of Health Science Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuneyt","family":"Ozakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazmiye Ulku","family":"Tuzemen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bekir","family":"Ak\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebahattin","family":"Erg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology Faculty \u00c7anakkale Onsekiz Mart University  \u00c7anakkale T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4809-5809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sevdan","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2721-3204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izzet Burcin","family":"Saticioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz935"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2025.742587"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32674-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuy021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284\u2010017\u20101390\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Bacteria and Fungi From Fish and Other Aquatic Animals: A Practical Identification Manual","author":"Buller N. 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