{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:55:29Z","timestamp":1790862929366,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Between 2015 and 2024, outbreaks of muscular and visceral granulomatous disease, resulting in moderate\u2010to\u2010severe mortality in farmed groupers, occurred in southern Taiwan. Initially, affected groupers were screened for granuloma\u2010associated pathogens, including\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Photobacterium damselae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Edwardsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., using PCR methods at local animal disease prevention and control centres. Twenty\u2010five hybrid groupers (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u00d7\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. lanceolatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) that tested negative for these pathogens were submitted to our laboratory for further examination. Infected fish exhibited multiple grey\u2010white nodules on the body surface and visceral organs, particularly the kidneys. Large numbers of Gram\u2010negative bacilli, measuring 2\u20133\u2009\u03bcm in length, were observed in organ smears. Microscopic examination revealed multifocal granulomatous lesions in the subcutaneous muscle, kidneys, spleen and liver. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Vibrio harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    hemolysin (\n                    <jats:italic>vhh<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene from all isolates confirmed their identity as\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . The pathogen was definitively localised within the lesions via in\u00a0situ hybridisation using a digoxigenin (DIG)\u2010labelled probe. This is the first report of natural\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    infection causing muscular and visceral granulomatous disease in Taiwanese grouper farms. These findings underscore the emerging pathological relevance of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and provide a practical diagnostic framework for granulomatous diseases in aquaculture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T04:17:25Z","timestamp":1779423445000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Outbreaks of Granulomatous Disease Associated With\n                    <i>Vibrio harveyi<\/i>\n                    Infection in Grouper (\n                    <i>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus<\/i>\n                    \u00d7\n                    <i>E. lanceolatus<\/i>\n                    ) Aquaculture in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7093-9360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shang\u2010Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine National Chung Hsing University  Taichung City Taiwan (R.O.C.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6103-3453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia\u2010Yu","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine National Chung Hsing University  Taichung City Taiwan (R.O.C.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0890\u20108508(92)90016\u2010q"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42995\u2010019\u201000002\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472\u2010765X.2006.01989.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00006809"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2323\/jgam.50.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00155\u201006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.607754"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Global Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Conference, the Egyptian International Center for Agriculture, Giza, Egypt","author":"Eissa A. 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