{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:55:29Z","timestamp":1790862929481,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFD2401200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD2401200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The microsporidian\n                    <jats:italic>Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei<\/jats:italic>\n                    (EHP) is an environmentally persistent, waterborne pathogen that threatens global shrimp aquaculture. This study evaluated the effectiveness of medium\u2010pressure ultraviolet (MPUV) irradiation for disinfecting the unculturable EHP spores in water. Spore viability was assessed using a modified dual\u2010fluorescence staining method. MPUV\u2010induced DNA damage of spores was evaluated through both conventional PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting the spore wall protein (SWP1) and small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU) genes. Results showed that MPUV irradiation induced a significant, dose\u2010dependent inactivation of EHP spores. A low dose of 27.6\u2009mJ\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    did not significantly increase mortality compared to the control, whereas doses of 55.2\u2013273.0\u2009mJ\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    produced progressively higher mortality. At intermediate exposures, some spores initiated but failed to complete polar tube ejection, forming only small buds, indicating the loss of infectivity. High doses of 216.0 and 273.0\u2009mJ\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    yielded spore mortality rates of 95.67% and 97.14%, respectively, with no spore germination or budding observed. Molecular analyses confirmed that substantial DNA damage in EHP spores and suggested that the SWP1 gene is a more reliable indicator of this damage than the SSU gene. These findings establish MPUV as an effective, chemical\u2010free disinfection strategy, providing practical dosing guidelines for preventing EHP transmission in water treatment and aquaculture biosecurity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T09:28:32Z","timestamp":1782293312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of Ultraviolet Light Disinfection of the Waterborne Microsporidian Pathogen\n                    <i>Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei<\/i>\n                    (\n                    <scp>EHP<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute China Academy of Fishery Sciences  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi\u2010ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute China Academy of Fishery Sciences  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture Shanghai Ocean University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi\u2010yu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute China Academy of Fishery Sciences  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture Shanghai Ocean University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute China Academy of Fishery Sciences  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture Shanghai Ocean University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4153-4267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zong\u2010qin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantium Technologies Ltd.  Bet Shemesh Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assaf","family":"Lowenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantium Technologies Ltd.  Bet Shemesh Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1784-124X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong\u2010xin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture Shanghai Ocean University  Shanghai 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