{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:55:27Z","timestamp":1790862927965,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":239,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disease outbreaks and the associated reliance on antibiotics pose major constraints to the sustainability of modern aquaculture. As regulatory pressures increase and consumer demand shifts toward residue\u2010free production, diverse biological interventions are gaining prominence as viable alternatives to chemotherapeutics. These include microbiome\u2010modulating agents (probiotics, classical prebiotics, and synbiotics), alongside a distinctly separate category of functional additives: phytogenics (medicinal plant derivatives), which are valued for their direct bioactive and immunomodulatory properties. This review synthesizes current laboratory and field\u2010based evidence regarding the efficacy, mechanisms, and practical challenges of these functional additives. While in\u00a0vitro and controlled studies demonstrate clear benefits in immune modulation, competitive exclusion, and gut health, real\u2010world application is frequently hindered by environmental inconsistencies and formulation instability. We critically evaluate the impact of system\u2010specific variables and draw several specific mechanistic inferences: First, the over\u2010reliance on static in\u00a0vitro assays fundamentally fails to predict in\u00a0vivo colonization under multifactorial field stress (e.g., thermal and pH fluctuations). Second, thermal degradation during industrial feed extrusion is a primary driver of batch\u2010to\u2010batch inconsistency, rendering advanced microencapsulation and post\u2010coating techniques practically mandatory for viable delivery. Third, the efficacy of functional additives is strictly governed by the culture matrix; while the chemical stability of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) yields predictable outcomes, open ponds face severe abiotic fluctuations, and Biofloc Technology (BFT) requires precise Carbon\u2010to\u2010Nitrogen (C:N) stoichiometry to facilitate heterotrophic assimilation. To overcome these limitations, we propose a strategic shift toward next\u2010generation interventions specifically thermal\u2010stable postbiotics, precision phage therapy for niche\u2010clearing, and rigorous multi\u2010omics technologies for molecular validation, replacing purely phenotypic observations. By integrating these specific innovations within a precision digital health framework, this work provides a comprehensive roadmap for standardizing bio\u2010based disease control for sustainable and reproducible aquaculture production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T07:00:52Z","timestamp":1782457252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Innovative Field Applications of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Medicinal Plant Products for Disease Control in Aquaculture"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5264-7103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"\u00d6z","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Aksaray University  Aksaray 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