{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T02:02:17Z","timestamp":1784512937157,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Vibriosis and Streptococcosis, caused by Vibrio and Streptococcus species, are major bacterial diseases affecting Asian seabass (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Lates calcarifer<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) aquaculture in Vietnam. In the current study,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. iniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    were isolated with high relevance. A trivalent vaccine was developed using formalin\u2010inactivated representative strains (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    IVRD 105,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    IVRD 2.3,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. iniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    IVRD B1) formulated with Montanide ISA 763 VG adjuvant and administered via intraperitoneal injection. Vaccinated fish exhibited significantly elevated serum antibody levels starting from 1\u2009week post\u2010vaccination, peaking at 4\u2009weeks. Challenge tests at 4\u2009weeks post\u2010vaccination demonstrated high protective efficacy, with relative percent survival (RPS) values ranging from 76.09% to 89.63% against individual pathogens. Long\u2010term monitoring revealed sustained antibody titers and protection, with maximal survival rates of 91.50% against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. iniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , 80.07% against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and 83.77% against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V. harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    at 42\u2009days post\u2010vaccination. These results demonstrate that the trivalent vaccine is immunogenic and effective in preventing Vibriosis and Streptococcosis in Asian seabass. This study provides the first report of a trivalent vaccine against these three pathogens in Vietnamese aquaculture, offering a promising strategy to reduce bacterial disease\u2013related losses and improve farm sustainability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T01:25:57Z","timestamp":1784510757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vaccine Efficacy of a Newly Developed Trivalent Vaccine Against\n                    <i>Streptococcus iniae<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>Vibrio vulnificus<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Vibrio harveyi<\/i>\n                    in Asian Seabass,\n                    <i>Lates calcarifer<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2993-7862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hien Dang","family":"Thanh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences for Central Vietnam  Nha Trang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trung Hieu","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences for Central Vietnam  Nha Trang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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Hang","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences for Central Vietnam  Nha Trang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viet Cuong","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences for Central Vietnam  Nha Trang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Kim","family":"Hue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences for Central Vietnam  Nha Trang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2542-120X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences for Central Vietnam  Nha Trang Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania Animal Health Laboratory, Biosecurity Tasmania  Prospect Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2885-9370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih\u2010Chu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Wildlife, Exotic, and Aquatic Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Neipu Township Pingtung Taiwan"},{"name":"Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Neipu Township Pingtung Taiwan"},{"name":"General Research Service Center National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Neipu Township Pingtung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3722-5484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung","family":"Vu\u2010Khac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal and Veterinary Sciences for Central Vietnam  Nha Trang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/are.14930"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FSI.2019.04.066"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"1367","article-title":"Efficiency of Monovalent \n                     Vibrio alginolyticus\n                   Formaldehyde\u2010Killed Vaccine on the Immune Responses and Protection of Asian Seabass (\n                     Lates calcarifer\n                  ) Juveniles Against Vibriosis TT","volume":"21","author":"Ahangarzadeh M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"IFRO"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.109226"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3354\/dao052199","article-title":"Infection of Barramundi \n                     Lates calcarifer\n                   With \n                     Streptococcus iniae\n                  : Effects of Different Routes of Exposure","volume":"52","author":"Bromage E. 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