{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T04:16:22Z","timestamp":1783656982562,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Aeromonas caviae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    are two economically significant pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture and are the main causes of bacterial septicemia in fish. Controlling disease caused by these two bacterial pathogens is becoming a greater challenge due to increases in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria. Here, we developed and applied novel DNA vaccines carrying antigen genes for ovalbumin (OVA) and the outer membrane protein (OMP) of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    to evaluate their immunoprotective effects against these two\n                    <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    species and promote the green development of the aquaculture industry.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Sinocyclocheilus grahami<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. grahami<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>O. niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) were subjected to oral vaccination treatment for a total of 21\u2009days. Seven days after being injected with 100\u2009\u03bcL of 1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009CFU\/mL of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    or\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. caviae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , significant decreases were observed in the following non\u2010specific immune indicators: superoxide dismutase (SOD), complement C3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and immunoglobulin M (IgM). However, levels of SOD, C3, LZM and IgM remained stable in fish serum following administration of the OVA, OMP and OVA\u2010OMP vaccines. Histopathological analysis indicated that oral vaccination with the OVA vaccine could alleviate the splenic lesions caused by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. caviae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. grahami<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . After challenge with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , the immune protection rates of the OVA, OMP and OVA\u2010OMP vaccines in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. grahami<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    were 92.56%, 88.89% and 73.33%, respectively, and the relative percent survival (RPS) of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>O. niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was 75%, 83.38% and 50%, respectively. Following challenge with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. caviae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , the RPS values for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. grahami<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    vaccinated with the OVA, OMP and OVA\u2010OMP vaccines were 100%, 86.96% and 95.70%, respectively, and the RPS values for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>O. niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    were 92.27%, 96.19% and 92.27%, respectively. In conclusion, oral administration of the OVA, OMP and OVA\u2010OMP DNA vaccines significantly enhanced both non\u2010specific and specific immune responses, providing strong protection against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. caviae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    infections in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. grahami<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>O. niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Future work should focus on optimizing vaccine stability (e.g., improving the OVA\u2010OMP fusion construct), expanding coverage to other economically important and endangered fish species and clarifying long\u2010term immune memory mechanisms to support sustainable aquaculture development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:45:31Z","timestamp":1783655131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of the Immunological Effects of\n                    <scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    Vaccines Carrying Antigen Genes for\n                    <scp>OVA<\/scp>\n                    ,\n                    <scp>OMP<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>OVA<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>OMP<\/scp>\n                    Against\n                    <i>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Aeromonas caviae<\/i>\n                    Infections in\n                    <i>Sinocyclocheilus grahami<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Oreochromis niloticus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Long","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Fish Breeding\/Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Plateau Lake Health and Restoration Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8527-9953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guowen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution &amp; Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Yunnan Province Yunnan Academy of Fishery Sciences  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Yunnan Province Yunnan Aquatic Product Technology Extension Station  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouyou","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Yunnan Province Yuanjiang County Aquatic Product Technology Extension Station  Yuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Yunnan Province Yuanjiang County Aquatic Product Technology Extension Station  Yuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Yunnan Province Yuanjiang County Aquatic Product Technology Extension Station  Yuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinrong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Yunnan Province Yuanjiang County Aquatic Product Technology Extension Station  Yuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lincong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Yunnan Province Yuanjiang County Aquatic Product Technology Extension Station  Yuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7330-7596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Fish Breeding\/Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Plateau Lake Health and Restoration Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2621-5782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution &amp; Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12484","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Virulence Genes, Antibiotic Resistance and gyrB\u2010Based Phylogeny of Motile Aeromonas Species Isolates From Nile Tilapia and Domestic Fowl","volume":"61","author":"Abu\u2010Elala N.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Letters in Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.04.066","article-title":"Progress, Challenges and Opportunities in Fish Vaccine Development","volume":"90","author":"Adams A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2144","article-title":"A Method to Predict and Understand Fish Survival Under Dynamic Chemical Stress Using Standard Ecotoxicity Data","volume":"32","author":"Ashauer R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-03942-y","article-title":"Phenotypic, Molecular Detection, and Antibiotic Resistance Profile (MDR and XDR) of \n                     Aeromonas hydrophila\n                   Isolated From Farmed \n                     Tilapia zillii\n                   and \n                     Mugil cephalus","volume":"20","author":"Ayoub H. 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Biological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.10.065","article-title":"Oral Yeast\u2010Based DNA Vaccine Confers Effective Protection From \n                     Aeromonas hydrophila\n                   Infection on \n                     Carassius auratus","volume":"84","author":"Han B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.01.006","article-title":"Ghrelin Modulates the Immune Response and Increases Resistance to \n                     Aeromonas hydrophila\n                   Infection in Hybrid Tilapia","volume":"98","author":"Han Z.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2021.03.019","article-title":"Oral Vaccination of Nile Tilapia (\n                     Oreochromis niloticus\n                  ) Against Francisellosis Elevates Specific Antibody Titres in Serum and Mucus","volume":"113","author":"Hoare R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1042977","article-title":"Identification of \n                     Shewanella putrefaciens\n                   as a Novel Pathogen of the Largemouth Bass (\n                     Micropterus salmoides\n                  ) and Histopathological Analysis of Diseased Fish","volume":"12","author":"Jiang X.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1999.00771.x","article-title":"Mammalian Granulocyte\u2010Macrophage Colony\u2010Stimulating Factor and Some CpG Motifs Have an Effect on the Immunogenicity of DNA and Subunit Vaccines in Fish","volume":"96","author":"Kanellos T. 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E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.02.020","article-title":"Identification, Virulence, and Mass Spectrometry of Toxic ECP Fractions of West Alabama Isolates of \n                     Aeromonas hydrophila\n                   Obtained From a 2010 Disease Outbreak","volume":"164","author":"Pridgeon J. W.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.5.2095-2100.2002","article-title":"Auxotrophic Yeast Strains in Fundamental and Applied Research","volume":"68","author":"Pronk J. 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