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Reports from hatcheries suggest\n \n S.\u2009dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n causes substantial broodfish loss. We aimed to develop a challenge model and evaluate vaccine efficacy against\n \n S.\u2009dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in juvenile channel catfish (\n \n Ictalurus punctatus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Three\n \n S.\u2009dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (14\u20131, 14\u201324 and 14\u201325) isolates were tested for virulence. Intracoelomic (IC) injection demonstrated\n \n S.\u2009dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n 14\u20131 was the most virulent. Reisolated 14\u20131 was used to develop a formalin\u2010killed cell (FKC) vaccine. Catfish (200) were immunized via IC injection of 100\u2009\u03bcL FKC with adjuvant (1:1\u2009v\/v), and another 200 catfish were sham vaccinated. Five fish from each group were bled for antibody titre every 14\u2009days. At 28 and 56\u2009days post\u2010vaccination (dpv), subsets of both groups were challenged with\n \n S.\u2009dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n via IC injection (200\u2009\u03bcL\/fish) in triplicate (20 fish\/tank). Cumulative percent mortality was significantly (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) higher in sham (46.67% and 23.33%) than vaccinated fish (5.00% and 5.00%) at 28 and 56\u2009dpv, respectively. Relative percent survival in vaccinated groups was 89.3% at 28\u2009dpv and 78.6% at 56\u2009dpv. Conclusively, the adjuvanted\n \n S.\u2009dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n bacterin induced humoral immunity and protected juvenile catfish. Future studies are planned to evaluate this bacterin in broodfish.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T15:36:07Z","timestamp":1783870567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of an Inactivated Bacterin Vaccine Against Emerging\n Streptococcus dysgalactiae<\/i>\n in Channel Catfish (\n Ictalurus punctatus<\/i>\n )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Brent M.","family":"Vuglar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna P.","family":"Singha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5478-120X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig A.","family":"Shoemaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin H.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4317-8613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor I.","family":"Heckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources Mississippi State University Starkville Mississippi USA"},{"name":"Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station Mississippi State University Stoneville Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason W.","family":"Abernathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio C.","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Peatman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvest Select Indianola Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4690-6516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijvsm.2013.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574\u20106968.2009.01828.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mra.00473\u201026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"Potency Testing of Fish Vaccines. 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